Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of currently pregnant women in Bangladesh (2007), India (2005–06) and Nepal (2011) (n=4,738).
| Total | Current pregnancy wanted | Current pregnancy mistimed | Current pregnancy unwanted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unwted N | %(95% CI) | Unwted N | % (95% CI) | Unwted N | % (95% CI) | Unwted N | % (95% CI) | |
| Total | 4,738 | - | 3,513 | 74.3% (72.5, 76.2) | 724 | 15.8% (14.2, 17.4) | 501 | 9.9% (8.6, 11.1) |
| Country | ||||||||
| Bangladesh | 292 | 9.5%(8.2, 10.7) | 181 | 8.1% (6.7, 9.5) | 64 | 14.2% (10.2, 18.2) | 47 | 12.1% (8.4, 15.9) |
| India | 4,234 | 89.5%(88.3, 90.8) | 3,190 | 91.0% (89.6, 92.4) | 629 | 84.7% (80.6, 88.7) | 415 | 86.2% (82.4, 90.0) |
| Nepal | 212 | 1.0%(0.8, 1.2) | 142 | 0.9% (0.7, 1.1) | 31 | 1.1% (0.5, 1.7) | 39 | 1.7% (1.0, 2.3) |
| Pre-pregnancy contraceptive use | ||||||||
| None | 3,479 | 76.0% (74.1, 77.8) | 2,666 | 79.2% (77.2, 81.1) | 486 | 67.9% (62.6, 73.1) | 327 | 64.9% (58.8, 71.1) |
| Traditional | 339 | 7.2% (6.1, 8.3) | 246 | 6.7% (5.5, 8.0) | 58 | 9.5% (6.1, 12.9) | 35 | 7.1% (4.0, 10.1) |
| Modern | 920 | 16.8% (15.3, 18.3) | 601 | 14.1% (12.5, 15.6) | 180 | 22.7% (18.0, 27.3) | 139 | 28.0% (22.2, 33.8) |
| Pre-pregnancy modern contraceptive use by method* | ||||||||
| Pill | 424 | 8.5% (7.3, 9.6) | 248 | 6.4% (5.3, 7.6) | 101 | 14.2% (10.3, 18.1) | 75 | 14.8% (10.8, 18.7) |
| IUD | 107 | 1.3% (0.9, 1.7) | 84 | 1.3% (0.9, 1.7) | 9 | 0.9% (0.0, 1.7) | 14 | 2.4% (0.8, 4.1) |
| Injections | 87 | 1.6% (1.2, 2.1) | 48 | 1.1% (0.6, 1.5) | 12 | 2.0% (0.5, 3.4) | 27 | 5.4% (2.9, 7.9) |
| Condom | 401 | 7.4% (6.4, 8.5) | 275 | 6.7% (5.6, 7.9) | 87 | 9.9% (6.8, 13.0) | 39 | 8.9% (4.1, 13.7) |
| Implants | 2 | 0.0% (0.0, 0.0) | 2 | 0.0% (0.0, 0.0) | 0 | - | 0 | - |
| Ever IPV | ||||||||
| None | 3,274 | 63.9% (61.8, 66.0) | 2,525 | 66.4% (64.0, 68.8) | 487 | 61.4% (56.0, 66.7) | 262 | 49.3% (43.2, 55.4) |
| Sexual only | 112 | 2.8% (2.1, 3.6) | 73 | 2.8% (1.8, 3.7) | 22 | 3.7% (1.8, 5.6) | 17 | 2.0% (0.8, 3.3) |
| Physical only | 1,030 | 24.6% (22.7, 26.5) | 714 | 23.1% (20.9, 25.3) | 152 | 24.8% (20.0, 29.6) | 164 | 35.6% (30.0, 41.3) |
| Sexual and physical | 322 | 8.6% (7.4, 9.9) | 201 | 7.7% (6.3, 9.1) | 63 | 10.2% (6.7, 13.6) | 58 | 13.0% (8.6, 17.4) |
| Number of living children | ||||||||
| 0 | 1,584 | 36.4% (34.3, 38.5) | 1,377 | 42.1% (39.6, 44.6) | 193 | 30.2% (25.0, 35.3) | 14 | 2.9% (0.5, 5.3) |
| 1 | 1,427 | 29.2% (27.3, 31.1) | 1,092 | 29.4% (27.2, 31.6) | 282 | 40.8% (35.6, 46.0) | 53 | 9.3% (6.0, 12.6) |
| 2 | 831 | 16.3% (14.8, 17.9) | 567 | 15.4% (13.6, 17.2) | 135 | 15.0% (11.6, 18.4) | 129 | 25.4% (19.6, 31.3) |
| 3 or more | 896 | 18.1% (16.6, 19.6) | 477 | 13.1% (11.5, 14.6) | 114 | 14.0% (10.6, 17.4) | 305 | 62.4% (56.1, 68.7) |
| Months since first month of index pregnancy | 4,738 | 5.4 (5.3, 5.5)1 | 3,513 | 5.5 (5.3, 5.6) 1 | 724 | 5.1 (4.8, 5.4) 1 | 501 | 5.6 (5.3, 5.9) |
| Age at interview | ||||||||
| 15–19 | 729 | 21.5% (19.6, 23.5) | 561 | 22.6% (20.4, 24.9) | 157 | 27.7% (22.7, 32.7) | 11 | 3.6% (0.9, 6.3) |
| 20–24 | 1,879 | 42.8% (40.8, 44.8) | 1,447 | 44.1% (41.7, 46.4) | 319 | 46.4% (41.0, 51.7) | 113 | 27.4% (21.8, 33.1) |
| 25–29 | 1,325 | 23.2% (21.5, 24.9) | 965 | 22.6% (20.6, 24.5) | 175 | 20.1% (16.2, 24.1) | 185 | 33.1% (27.6, 38.5) |
| 30–49 | 805 | 12.4% (11.2, 13.7) | 540 | 10.7% (9.4, 12.1) | 73 | 5.8% (3.7, 8.0) | 192 | 35.9% (30.2, 41.7) |
| Education level | ||||||||
| None | 1,796 | 44.3% (42.1, 46.6) | 1,296 | 44.7% (42.0, 47.4) | 240 | 35.4% (30.3, 40.5) | 260 | 48.2% (42.8, 53.7) |
| Primary | 718 | 15.3% (13.8, 16.8) | 503 | 14.7% (12.9, 16.4) | 117 | 16.4% (12.3, 20.4) | 98 | 18.4% (13.7, 23.0) |
| Secondary or higher | 2,224 | 40.4% (38.2, 42.6) | 1,714 | 40.7% (38.1, 43.2) | 367 | 48.2% (42.8, 53.7) | 143 | 25.7% (20.2, 31.2) |
| Spousal education level | ||||||||
| None | 1,137 | 27.5% (25.4, 29.6) | 815 | 26.9% (24.7, 29.2) | 157 | 24.6% (19.8, 29.4) | 165 | 36.7% (30.6, 42.8) |
| Primary | 792 | 16.6% (15.1, 18.2) | 530 | 15.4% (13.7, 17.2) | 155 | 21.4% (17.0, 25.8) | 107 | 17.9% (13.3, 22.5) |
| Secondary or higher | 2,809 | 55.9% (53.7, 58.1) | 2,168 | 57.6% (55.2, 60.1) | 412 | 54.0% (48.5, 59.5) | 229 | 45.4% (39.1, 51.7) |
| Age at marriage | ||||||||
| <15 | 697 | 19.0% (17.2, 20.7) | 484 | 18.3% (16.4, 20.3) | 90 | 13.1% (9.8, 16.4) | 123 | 33.5% (27.2, 39.8) |
| 15–17 | 1,572 | 39.3% (37.3, 41.4) | 1,133 | 39.0% (36.6, 41.4) | 247 | 41.8% (36.2, 47.4) | 192 | 37.5% (31.7, 43.2) |
| ≥18 | 2,469 | 41.7% (39.6, 43.8) | 1,896 | 42.6% (40.2, 45.1) | 387 | 45.1% (39.6, 50.6) | 186 | 29.1% (23.3, 34.8) |
| Relationship to household head | ||||||||
| Head | 160 | 3.5% (2.8, 4.3) | 106 | 3.2% (2.4, 4.0) | 22 | 2.4% (1.0, 3.8) | 32 | 8.1% (4.6, 11.5) |
| Wife | 2,722 | 44.3% (42.1, 46.4) | 1,974 | 42.3% (40.0, 44.7) | 378 | 40.0% (35.0, 44.9) | 370 | 65.7% (59.1, 72.3) |
| Daughter | 332 | 12.2% (10.5, 13.8) | 262 | 13.1% (11.2, 15.1) | 57 | 12.3% (8.3, 16.4) | 13 | 4.4% (1.5, 7.2) |
| Daughter-in-law | 1,328 | 33.6% (31.4, 35.8) | 1,026 | 35.4% (33.0, 37.9) | 228 | 35.3% (30.1, 40.6) | 74 | 17.0% (11.7, 22.2) |
| Other | 196 | 6.4% (5.2, 7.7) | 145 | 5.9% (4.5, 7.3) | 39 | 10.0% (6.4, 13.6) | 12 | 4.9% (1.1, 8.8) |
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||
| Poorest | 893 | 24.6% (22.6, 26.6) | 634 | 25.1% (22.8, 27.4) | 117 | 19.4% (15.4, 23.4) | 142 | 29.4% (23.9, 34.8) |
| Poorer | 885 | 22.2% (20.3, 24.1) | 623 | 21.4% (19.2, 23.6) | 152 | 23.9% (19.1, 28.7) | 110 | 25.5% (19.8, 31.1) |
| Middle | 966 | 19.8% (18.0, 21.6) | 688 | 18.7% (16.8, 20.7) | 169 | 23.1% (18.5, 27.8) | 109 | 22.3% (16.8, 27.8) |
| Richer | 1,051 | 19.3% (17.5, 21.0) | 792 | 19.5% (17.5, 21.6) | 173 | 21.1% (16.4, 25.8) | 86 | 14.4% (10.3, 18.5) |
| Richest | 943 | 14.1% (12.7, 15.5) | 776 | 15.2% (13.5, 16.9) | 113 | 12.5% (9.2, 15.8) | 54 | 8.4% (4.6, 12.3) |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Rural | 2,931 | 75.4% (73.6, 77.2) | 2,160 | 76.0% (74.0, 78.1) | 444 | 74.0% (69.6, 78.5) | 327 | 73.3% (67.4, 79.1) |
| Urban | 1,807 | 24.6% (22.8, 26.4) | 1,353 | 24.0% (21.9, 26.0) | 280 | 26.0% (21.5, 30.4) | 174 | 26.7% (20.9, 32.6) |
Note: Percentages are weighted.
1
Mean (95% CI)
*
Assessment of forms of pre-pregnancy contraception also included options of diaphragm, female condom and foam/jelly; no respondents reported use of these forms.