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. 2015 May 6;145(6):1335–1344. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.206102

TABLE 3.

Factors distinguishing Chinese men and women participating in the CHNS with high WHtR and moderate inflammation from those with high WHtR without moderate inflammation1

Men with infl/high WHtR
 Women with infl/high WHtR
OR (95% CI) P OR (95% CI) P
Model 1: sociodemographic factors
 Urbanicity2
  Low Reference — Reference —
  Middle 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) 0.93 1.15 (0.92, 1.43) 0.23
  High 1.02 (0.79, 1.33) 0.87 1.33 (1.06, 1.67) 0.01
 Income
  Low Reference — Reference —
  Medium 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) 0.79 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) 0.49
  High 1.03 (0.79, 1.33) 0.85 1.03 (0.82, 1.28) 0.82
 North resident3 1.15 (0.93, 1.41) 0.20 1.14 (0.95, 1.36) 0.17
Model 2: behavioral and environmental factors
 ID symptoms 1.73 (1.15, 2.61) 0.009 1.45 (1.01, 2.07) 0.04
 Sanitation
  Low Reference — Reference —
  Middle 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) 0.25 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) 0.37
  High 1.28 (0.93, 1.76) 0.13 1.10 (0.83, 1.45) 0.52
 High fat intake4 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) 0.94 1.15 (0.95, 1.39) 0.15
 Fiber intake5
  <25th percentile Reference — Reference —
  25th–75th percentile 0.88 (0.69, 1.14) 0.34 0.86 (0.69, 1.08) 0.20
  >75th percentile 0.92 (0.69, 1.24) 0.61 0.77 (0.60, 1.00) 0.049
 Physical activity
  <25th percentile Reference — Reference —
  25th–50th percentile 0.96 (0.70, 1.32) 0.83 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) 0.40
  >50th–75th percentile 0.80 (0.58, 1.09) 0.16 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) 0.61
  >75th percentile 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) 0.61 0.55 (0.41, 0.73) <0.001
 Alcohol intake6
  None Reference — Reference —
  Low 0.84 (0.65, 1.09) 0.19 0.84 (0.60, 1.18) 0.32
  High 0.88 (0.68, 1.14) 0.35 — —
 Current smoker 1.03 (0.83, 1.27) 0.80 0.75 (0.47, 1.21) 0.24
Age group
 18–29.9 y Reference — Reference —
 30–39.9 y 0.74 (0.43, 1.27) 0.27 0.88 (0.47, 1.65) 0.68
 40–49.9 y 0.97 (0.59, 1.60) 0.90 0.89 (0.50, 1.60) 0.70
 50–59.9 y 0.93 (0.57, 1.53) 0.77 1.37 (0.77, 2.43) 0.28
 60–69.9 y 0.81 (0.48, 1.36) 0.43 1.69 (0.95, 3.02) 0.08
 ≥70 y 1.52 (0.87, 2.63) 0.14 1.80 (0.99, 3.26) 0.05
1

Values are from logistic regression models controlling for age group compared with the high WHtR without inflammation (WHtR >0.5 and hs-CRP <3 mg/L) referent group. CHNS, China Health and Nutrition Survey; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; ID, infectious disease; Infl, inflammation; Infl/high WHtR, hs-CRP of 3–10 mg/L and WHtR >0.5; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.

2

Based on tertiles of the urbanicity scale (range: 30.4–106.6), representing low (<59.0), medium (59.0–82.2), and high (>82.2) urbanicity (21).

3

Resident of Heilongjang, Henan, Liaoning, or Shandong provinces.

4

More than 30% of energy from fat (23).

5

Categories derived from a sample distribution of fiber in grams per 100 kcal.

6

Categories indicate no consumption of alcohol per week; low, ≤7 servings/wk for men or any servings/wk for women; high, >7 servings/wk for men. A serving was defined as 1 bottle of beer (∼10.4 g ethanol), 50 g wine (∼4.8 g ethanol), or 50 g liquor (∼15.8 g ethanol).