Table 2.
Rates and risk factors for virological and immunological failure by cox proportional hazards regression
| Virological failure |
Immunological failure |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Failure patients N (%) |
Rate per 100 Patient-Years |
HR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | Failure patients N (%) |
Rate per 100 Patient-Years |
HR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 18–30 | 104 (13.0) | 6.9 | 1.00 | – | 135 (16.9) | 9.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 31–50 | 165 (13.7) | 7.4 | 1.06 (0.83 to 1.35) | – | 217 (18.1) | 9.7 | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.31) | 0.92 (0.74 to 1.15) |
| >50 | 23 (13.5) | 6.5 | 0.97 (0.62 to 1.53) | – | 48 (28.2) | 15.4 | 1.67 (1.20 to 2.32) | 1.42 (1.01 to 2.02) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 225 (13.2) | 7.5 | 1.00 | – | 307 (18.1) | 10.5 | 1.00 | – |
| Female | 67 (14.2) | 6.2 | 0.91 (0.69 to 1.20) | – | 93 (19.7) | 8.7 | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.18) | – |
| Infection route | ||||||||
| Heterosexual | 147 (13.1) | 6.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 219 (19.5) | 9.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Homosexual | 106 (11.9) | 6.7 | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.25) | 1.03 (0.81 to 1.32) | 138 (15.5) | 9.5 | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.09) | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.31) |
| Intravenous drug use | 16 (28.1) | 15.0 | 2.27 (1.35 to 3.80) | 2.09 (1.05 to 4.17) | 18 (31.6) | 14.1 | 1.62 (1.00 to 2.63) | 1.52 (0.93 to 2.49) |
| Others | 23 (23.7) | 11.8 | 1.81 (1.16 to 2.80) | 1.48 (0.60 to 3.66) | 25 (25.7) | 12.8 | 1.36 (0.90 to 2.06) | 1.16 (0.65 to 2.10) |
| Baseline CD4 count, cells/mm3 | ||||||||
| 0–49 | 61 (14.4) | 6.6 | 1.00 | – | 132 (32.2) | 14.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50–99 | 46 (18.3) | 9.0 | 1.34 (0.91 to 1.96) | – | 42 (16.7) | 7.7 | 0.53 (0.37 to 0.74) | 0.46 (0.32 to 0.66) |
| 100–199 | 86 (13.9) | 7.2 | 1.04 (0.75 to 1.45) | – | 103 (16.6) | 9.2 | 0.58 (0.45 to 0.75) | 0.53 (0.41 to 0.70) |
| 200–349 | 60 (8.5) | 5.2 | 0.68 (0.47 to 1.01) | – | 91 (12.9) | 9.4 | 0.52 (0.39 to 0.67) | 0.96 (0.67 to 1.38) |
| ≥350 | 39 (22.9) | 12.5 | 1.08 (0.68 to 2.06) | – | 28 (16.5) | 6.8 | 0.53 (0.35 to 0.81) | 0.68 (0.44 to 1.04) |
| Baseline viral load, copies/mL | ||||||||
| <10 000 | 20 (9.7) | 4.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 44 (21.3) | 11.4 | 1.00 | – |
| 10 000–49 999 | 18 (5.8) | 2.7 | 0.58 (0.31 to 1.10) | 0.54 (0.28 to 1.02) | 49 (15.7) | 8.3 | 0.72 (0.48 to 1.08) | – |
| 50 000–99 999 | 13 (6.8) | 3.5 | 0.73 (0.36 to 1.46) | 0.65 (0.34 to 1.35) | 20 (10.5) | 5.8 | 0.68 (0.45 to 1.02) | – |
| 100 000–999 999 | 112 (11.6) | 7.3 | 1.36 (0.85 to 2.19) | 1.19 (0.73 to 1.94) | 152 (15.7) | 10.4 | 0.80 (0.57 to 1.12) | – |
| ≥1 000 000 | 40 (18.6) | 11.4 | 2.61 (1.52 to 4.48) | 2.19 (1.25 to 3.84) | 54 (25.1) | 15.5 | 1.50 (0.98 to 2.24) | – |
| Baseline WHO stage | ||||||||
| I | 17 (7.8) | 5.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 24 (11.1) | 7.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| II | 97 (11.1) | 6.0 | 1.27 (0.76 to 2.13) | 1.86 (0.80 to 4.33) | 115 (13.2) | 7.3 | 1.09 (0.70 to 1.69) | 0.96 (0.61 to 1.52) |
| Ш | 31 (8.7) | 3.9 | 0.88 (0.49 to 1.59) | 0.74 (0.27 to 2.07) | 88 (24.6) | 11.4 | 1.77 (1.13 to 2.78) | 1.69 (1.07 to 2.69) |
| IV | 147 (20.3) | 10.8 | 2.36 (1.43 to 3.90) | 4.61 (2.01 to 10.57) | 173 (23.8) | 12.9 | 1.92 (1.25 to 2.94) | 2.15 (1.38 to 3.34) |
AHR, adjusted HR.