Table 3.
Studies assessing the association between osteoprotegerin and diabetes mellitus type 2.
| Author, Date | Population | Findings |
|---|---|---|
| O'Sullivan et al., 2010 [42] | 62 type 2 DM 58 healthy subjects (age, gender, BMI) |
OPG is significantly increased in type 2 DM |
| Altinova et al., 2011 [46] | 166 type 2 DM | OPG levels are higher in poorly controlled DM |
| Yaturu et al., 2008 [41] | 50 type 2 DM 59 subjects without DM |
OPG is elevated in type 2 DM and correlated with insulin resistance. Cross-sectional study |
| Knudsen et al., 2003 [48] | 80 subjects divided in four groups according to glucose tolerance | OPG is increased in patients with microvascular complications |
| Chang et al., 2011 [43] | 179 type 2 DM | OPG is associated with diabetic nephropathy |
| Xiang et al., 2007 [29] | 154 newly diagnosed type 2 DM 96 healthy controls |
Plasma OPG levels are associated with urinary albumin excretion |
| Nybo et al., 2010 [34] | 200 type 1 DM 305 type 2 DM |
OPG is increased in patients with peripheral neuropathy |
| Yu et al., 2015 [49] | 254 diabetic patients (100 without retinopathy, 154 with retinopathy), 62 controls | OPG is associated with retinopathy. Patients with retinopathy exhibit increased vitreous and serum OPG |
| Terekeci et al., 2009 [44] | 42 type 2 DM 24 healthy controls |
OPG correlated with diabetic neuropathy |
| Tavintharan et al., 2014 [47] | 1,220 type 2 DM | Higher OPG levels associated with microvascular complications (nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy) |
| Ishiyama et al., 2009 [50] | 168 type 2 DM 40 non-diabetic subjects |
Diabetic patients had higher IMT and OPG was an independent determinant of IMT |
| Moreno et al., 2013 [51] | 68 males (43 with type 2 DM and 25 subjects without diabetes) | Serum OPG associated with increased risk of abnormal IMT, carotid plaque, aortic calcification and peripheral disease |
| Gaudio et al., 2014 [39] | 40 type 2 DM postmenopausal women 40 healthy controls |
OPG associated with IMT |
| Singh et al., 2012 [54] | 58 type 2 DM | OPG was an independent predictor of baseline vascular calcification and progression |
| Anand et al., 2006 [55] | 510 type 2 DM | OPG is elevated in patients with CAC |
| Anand et al., 2007 [56] | 398 type 2 DM | OPG associated with elevated CAC |
| Bourron et al., 2014 [57] | 198 type 2 DM | LnOPG associated with calcification score. Cross-sectional study |
| Avignon et al., 2007 [37] | 645 diabetic patients with one additional risk factor | OPG associated with the presence of silent myocardial ischemia |
| Guzel et al., 2013 [40] | 45 type 2 DM 33 healthy controls |
OPG associated with the presence and severity of silent myocardial ischemia |
| Reinhard et al., 2011 [58] | 200 asymptomatic DM patients without known cardiac disease | OPG independently associated with asymptomatic coronary artery disease |
| Avignon et al., 2005 [59] | 162 asymptomatic type 2 DM | OPG independently associated with asymptomatic coronary artery disease |
| Poulsen et al., 2011 [60] | 305 type 2 DM without known cardiovascular disease | Increased plasma OPG associated with carotid and peripheral arterial disease. No association with myocardial ischemia |
| Blázquez-Medela et al., 2012 [38] | 52 type 2 patients 54 healthy controls |
Higher OPG levels were observed in patients with higher probability of 10-year cardiovascular risk |
| Reinhard et al., 2010 [61] | 238 type 2 DM | Elevated plasma OPG was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality. Follow-up 16.8 years. Prospective observational study |