TABLE 2.
Serum cytokine profiles of cynomolgus macaques taken during the pathogenesis study
| Biomarker | Change in concn of biomarker (pg ml−1) by day postchallengea |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 2 |
Day 4 |
Day 6 |
Day 8 |
Day 10 |
Day 12 |
|||||||
| Mean | ±1 SE | Mean | ±1 SE | Mean | ±1 SE | Mean | ±1 SE | Mean | ±1 SE | Mean | ±1 SE | |
| IFN-γ | −2 | 1 | 212 | 55 | 842 | 250 | 1,322 | 210 | 380 | 168 | 32 | 13 |
| IL-1ra | −2 | 4 | 52 | 8 | 313 | 173 | 3,335 | 3,200 | 18 | 15 | 21 | 7 |
| IL-6 | −1 | 0.3 | 43 | 22 | 213 | 88 | 570 | 339 | 70 | 29 | 17 | 3 |
| TNF-α | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 11 | 1 | 1 |
| IL-8 | 567 | 754 | 1,186 | 1,067 | 193 | 499 | 2,546 | 1,112 | 1,458 | 1,511 | 671 | 373 |
| IL-1β | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| MCP-1 | −131 | 64 | 383 | 78 | 651 | 413 | 726 | 93 | 201 | 105 | 132 | 103 |
| MIP-1α | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| VEGF | −6 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 27 | 11 | 59 | 12 | 20 | 8 | 15 | 9 |
| GM-CSF | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.4 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 |
| MIP-1β | −2 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 0.3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 3 |
| Il-5 | −2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | −0.3 | 0.3 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0.5 |
| IL-13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 2 | 2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| IL-10 | −1 | 0 | −0.3 | 0.3 | −1 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| IL-12/23 | −22 | 11 | −5 | 10 | −37 | 8 | −68 | 13 | 69 | 80 | 46 | 44 |
| IL-15 | −2 | 1 | −1 | 0.3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 1 |
| IL-17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| IL-18 | −4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 0.4 |
| IL-2 | −18 | 2 | 16 | 4 | 17 | 7 | 26 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 6 |
a
Mean concentration (pg ml−1) (+1 SE; n = 3 to 5 macaques) change in cytokine levels compared to baseline levels (average from two bleeds, taken on different days, prior to challenge) on various days following challenge with aerosolized monkeypox virus.