Figure 1.

Influence of Cd stress on root development and cell death in Chinese cabbage roots. (a) Root growth under Cd stress. (b) Roots stained with Evans blue observed under a light microscope and quantitative analysis of cell death caused by Cd exposure. Three-day-old seedlings were exposed to different concentrations of Cd (0, 5, 10, and 20 mM) for 24 h. Data are mean ± SE of three independent repeats. Using one-way ANOVA and compared with controls, significance is shown by ^∗ P < 0.05, ^∗∗ P < 0.01.