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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2015 May 13;17(5):565–576. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.011

Figure 3. Microbiome Modulation of Neuro-Immune Function.

Figure 3

Microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) derived from the intestinal microbiome can drive various aspects of immune function in the periphery. Cytokine signals, such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 can cross the blood-brain barrier and trigger their production by the microglia. Interaction of these cytokines with neurons influences physiology and leads to sickness behavior and depression.