Table 4.
Adjusted Associations of Maternal Depression/Anxiety Symptoms with Hypertensive Disorder Presence and Subtype
| HTN disorder subtype (total N=149) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any HTN disorder (N=149) | Chronic HTN (N=49) | Gestational HTN (N=56) | Preeclampsia (N=44) | ||||||
| No HTN disorder (N=1222) n (%) | n (%) | aOR [95% CI] | n (%) | aOR [95%CI] | n (%) | aOR [95%CI] | n (%) | aOR [95%CI] | |
| Depression symptoms1 (lifetime) | |||||||||
| Yes | 226 (20) | 46 (31) | 1.5† [0.9–2.5] | 21 (45) | 2.7* [1.2–6.3] | 15 (31) | 1.7 [0.8–3.5] | 10 (14) | 0.6 [0.2–1.4] |
| No (ref) | 995 (80) | 103 (69) | — | 28 (55) | — | 41 (69) | — | 34 (86) | — |
| Depression or anxiety symptoms2 (past year) | |||||||||
| Yes | 129 (12) | 30 (19) | 1.7† [1.0–3.0] | 17 (35) | 3.5* [1.5–7.8] | 7 (15) | 1.3 [0.5,3.5] | 6 (8) | 0.7 [0.2–1.8] |
| No (ref) | 1092 (88) | 119 (81) | — | 32 (65) | — | 49 (85) | — | 38 (92) | — |
| Depression or anxiety symptoms (since LMP) | |||||||||
| Yes | 57 (5) | 5 (4) | 0.7 [0.2–2.1] | 3 (11) | 1.8 [0.5–6.7] | 1 (1) | 0.2 [0.0–1.4] | 1 (1) | 0.3 [0.0–1.7] |
| No (ref) | 1164 (95) | 144 (96) | — | 46 (89) | — | 55 (99) | — | 43 (99) | — |
| Depressive symptoms (past week) | |||||||||
| Yes | 462 (35) | 54 (29) | 0.7 [0.4–1.2] | 23 (36) | 0.9 [0.4–2.0 | 18 (24) | 0.6 [0.3–1.3] | 13 (31) | 0.9 [0.4–1.9] |
| No (ref) | 754 (65) | 95 (71) | — | 26 (64) | — | 38 (76) | — | 31 (69) | — |
| Antidepressant or anxiety medication use (during pregnancy) | |||||||||
| Yes | 105 (10) | 19 (16) | 1.4 [0.7–2.8] | 10 (26) | 2.4† [0.9–6.4] | 5 (13) | 1.1 [0.4–3.3] | 4 (10) | 0.9 [0.2–3.5] |
| No (ref) | 1117 (90) | 130 (84) | — | 39 (74) | — | 51 (87) | — | 40 (90) | — |
Data weighted for the POUCH study sampling scheme and adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, Medicaid status, smoking history (lifetime), age at enrollment, and prepregnancy BMI.
Missing data: depressive symptoms (past week): n=6; depression or anxiety (Since LMP): n=1; depression or anxiety (past year): n=1; depression or anxiety (lifetime): n=1.
1
Required doctor diagnosis and medication use.
2
Required doctor's visit.
*p<0.05, †p<0.10 relative to the “no HTN disorder” group (n=1222).