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. 2015 Mar 1;24(3):228–236. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4902

Table 4.

Adjusted Associations of Maternal Depression/Anxiety Symptoms with Hypertensive Disorder Presence and Subtype

        HTN disorder subtype (total N=149)
    Any HTN disorder (N=149) Chronic HTN (N=49) Gestational HTN (N=56) Preeclampsia (N=44)
  No HTN disorder (N=1222) n (%) n (%) aOR [95% CI] n (%) aOR [95%CI] n (%) aOR [95%CI] n (%) aOR [95%CI]
Depression symptoms1 (lifetime)
 Yes 226 (20) 46 (31) 1.5 [0.9–2.5] 21 (45) 2.7* [1.2–6.3] 15 (31) 1.7 [0.8–3.5] 10 (14) 0.6 [0.2–1.4]
 No (ref) 995 (80) 103 (69) 28 (55) 41 (69) 34 (86)
Depression or anxiety symptoms2 (past year)
 Yes 129 (12) 30 (19) 1.7 [1.0–3.0] 17 (35) 3.5* [1.5–7.8] 7 (15) 1.3 [0.5,3.5] 6 (8) 0.7 [0.2–1.8]
 No (ref) 1092 (88) 119 (81) 32 (65) 49 (85) 38 (92)
Depression or anxiety symptoms (since LMP)
 Yes 57 (5) 5 (4) 0.7 [0.2–2.1] 3 (11) 1.8 [0.5–6.7] 1 (1) 0.2 [0.0–1.4] 1 (1) 0.3 [0.0–1.7]
 No (ref) 1164 (95) 144 (96) 46 (89) 55 (99) 43 (99)
Depressive symptoms (past week)
 Yes 462 (35) 54 (29) 0.7 [0.4–1.2] 23 (36) 0.9 [0.4–2.0 18 (24) 0.6 [0.3–1.3] 13 (31) 0.9 [0.4–1.9]
 No (ref) 754 (65) 95 (71) 26 (64) 38 (76) 31 (69)
Antidepressant or anxiety medication use (during pregnancy)
 Yes 105 (10) 19 (16) 1.4 [0.7–2.8] 10 (26) 2.4 [0.9–6.4] 5 (13) 1.1 [0.4–3.3] 4 (10) 0.9 [0.2–3.5]
 No (ref) 1117 (90) 130 (84) 39 (74) 51 (87) 40 (90)

Data weighted for the POUCH study sampling scheme and adjusted for maternal race/ethnicity, Medicaid status, smoking history (lifetime), age at enrollment, and prepregnancy BMI.

Missing data: depressive symptoms (past week): n=6; depression or anxiety (Since LMP): n=1; depression or anxiety (past year): n=1; depression or anxiety (lifetime): n=1.

1

Required doctor diagnosis and medication use.

2

Required doctor's visit.

*p<0.05, p<0.10 relative to the “no HTN disorder” group (n=1222).