FIG. 2.

Current landscape of EC ossification strategies (blue boxes) along with underexplored design space (dashed outlines) highlighted in this review. Some combined cell and material strategies are not shown explicitly (dashed arrows). This includes several in vitro priming studies that utilized cell and material approaches (**) and are further explored elsewhere (Tables 2–4). All strategies will be critically evaluated with regard to technical, regulatory, and commercial challenges. ABG, autologous bone grafting; ADSCs, adipose-derived stem cells; BMA, bone marrow aspirate; DBM, demineralized bone matrix; DCC, decellularized cartilage; GMP, good manufacturing practice. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/teb