Table 2.
Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, pre-diabetes, and glycemic control, U.S. adults aged 20 years or older, NHANES 1988-1994, 1999-2004, and 2005-2010
| 1988-94 N=15,578 % (SE) |
1999-2004 N=12,726 % (SE) |
2005-10 N=15,135 % (SE) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| Definitions of Total Diabetes | |||
| Diagnosed diabetes or calibrated HbA1c ≥6.5% | 6.2 (0.30) | 8.8 (0.36) | 9.9 (0.37) |
| Diagnosed diabetes only | 5.1 (0.27) | 7.1 (0.32) | 8.4 (0.34) |
| Fasting Subsample* | |||
| Diagnosed diabetes or fasting glucose≥126 mg/dL | 7.3 (0.50) | 9.4 (0.51) | 10.9 (0.55) |
| Diagnosed diabetes or calibrated HbA1c≥6.5% | 5.6 (0.43) | 8.3 (0.53) | 9.6 (0.44) |
| Diagnosed diabetes or calibrated HbA1c≥6.5% or FPG≥126 mg/dL |
7.5 (0.51) | 9.8 (0.52) | 11.2 (0.55) |
| Diagnosed diabetes or both calibrated HbA1c≥6.5% and FPG≥126 mg/dL (total confirmed diabetes)† |
5.5 (0.41) | 8.0 (0.52) | 9.3 (0.45) |
| Definitions of Undiagnosed Diabetes | |||
| Calibrated HbA1c≥6.5% | 1.1 (0.10) | 1.7 (0.13) | 1.5 (0.14) |
| Fasting Subsample* | |||
| FPG≥126 mg/dL | 2.8 (0.25) | 2.8 (0.22) | 2.6 (0.26) |
| Calibrated HbA1c≥6.5% | 1.0 (0.12) | 1.7 (0.19) | 1.3 (0.16) |
| Calibrated HbA1c≥6.5% or fasting glucose≥126 mg/dL | 2.9 (0.26) | 3.1 (0.24) | 2.9 (0.26) |
| Calibrated HbA1c≥6.5% and FPG≥126 mg/dL (confirmed undiagnosed diabetes)† |
0.9 (0.12) | 1.3 (0.17) | 1.0 (0.15) |
| Definitions of Pre-Diabetes | |||
| Calibrated HbA1c 5.7-6.4% | 5.8 (0.35) | 11.9 (0.47) | 12.4 (0.42) |
| Fasting Subsample* | |||
| FPG 100-126 mg/dL | 25.2 (0.84) | 26.3 (1.14) | 28.7 (0.87) |
| HbA1c 5.7-6.4% | 6.0 (0.40) | 11.9 (0.56) | 12.4 (0.50) |
| Definitions of Glycemic Control and Diabetes Treatment in | |||
| Persons with Diagnosed Diabetes | |||
| Calibrated HbA1c<7% | 50.9 (2.57) | 49.6 (2.15) | 58.8 (1.71) |
| Calibrated HbA1c<8% | 67.2 (2.21) | 70.8 (1.66) | 79.4 (1.33) |
| Currently taking diabetes medication | |||
| Calibrated HbA1c<7% | 39.7 (2.64) | 43.2 (2.22) | 55.1 (1.93) |
| Calibrated HbA1c<8% | 58.9 (2.57) | 67.7 (1.71) | 77.6 (1.46) |
| Currently not taking diabetes medication | |||
| Calibrated HbA1c<7% | 82.0 (4.97) | 78.3 (4.30) | 82.6 (2.96) |
| Calibrated HbA1c<8% | 89.5 (4.42) | 84.6 (3.88) | 91.6 (2.18) |
| Diabetes treatment | |||
| Insulin only | 26.8 (2.15) | 15.0 (1.59) | 14.9 (1.14) |
| Oral only | 43.3 (2.53) | 56.7 (1.86) | 57.8 (1.84) |
| Insulin and oral | 3.5 (0.61) | 9.8 (1.30) | 13.9 (0.84) |
| No medications | 26.4 (2.02) | 18.5 (1.73) | 13.4 (1.36) |
Abbreviations: FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SE, standard error
Analyses incorporating fasting plasma glucose measurements were limited to the subsample of participants who attended the morning fasting session (N=7,385 for 1988-94; 5,680 for 1999-2004; 6,719 for 2005-10).
“Total Confirmed diabetes” was defined as diagnosed diabetes or undiagnosed diabetes with diagnostic levels of both HbA1c (≥6.5%) and fasting glucose (≥126 mg/dL). “Confirmed undiagnosed diabetes” was defined as diagnostic levels of both HbA1c (≥6.5%) and fasting glucose (≥126 mg/dL) among persons without diagnosed diabetes.
To convert glucose to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0555.