Left and middle: Bar graphs show group mean alpha (8–12 Hz) amplitudes (calculated offline using a weighted average Laplacian montage) averaged across all subjects for Baseline 1, neurofeedback (NFB), and Baseline 2, respectively, globally over all 19 electrodes (left) and at the Pz feedback site only (middle). Stars indicate the level of statistical significance, with * indicating a threshold of P < 0.05 and ** indicating a threshold of P < 0.005. Error bars represent I standard error of the mean (SEM). Right: Topographic plot of mean alpha amplitude change during neurofeedback relative to the first baseline. Colors indicate magnitude of reductions in amplitude (uV).