Table 1.

Experimental studies using an AM tube for a circumferential urethral defect.

Reference	Animal model/n	Seeded cells	Graft length (cm)	Results
Sievert et al., [4]	Rabbits/30	No	1–1.5	30/30 Success
Fillippo et al., [6]	Rabbits/24	12 No	1	12/12 Failure
		12 Urothelial cells		12/12 Success
Shokeir et al., [5]	Dogs/14	No	3	14/14 Failure
Fu et al., [7]	Rabbits/18	9 No	1–1.5	9/9 Failure
		9 Epidermal cells		9/9 Success
Dorin et al., [19]	Rabbits/12	No	0.5–3	⩽0.5 cm Success
				>0.5 cm Failure