Table 1.
Classification of the Hospital infections according to their various qualifications in terms of negative externalities
| Study (first author) | Incremental Cost | Extra Mortality | Additional Hospitalization Day | Infection Type | Preventability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carmeli (2002) | 12,766 $ | ND | 6.2 | ND | ND |
| Coello (1993) | 1,759 $ | ND | ND | HAI | ND |
| Engemann (2003) | 39,000 $ | 13 | ND | MDRO | ND |
| Foglia (2007) | 30,392 $ | ND | ND | VAP | ND |
| Jarvis (1997) [43] | 4,794 $ | ND | 9.2-20 | VAP | ND |
| Kirkland (1999) | 3,000-29,000 $ | 21.4% | 20.1 | SSI | 40-60% |
| Sheng (2005) [44] | 5,335 $ | ND | 8.2 | ND | ND |
| Mahieu (2001) [45] | 11,750 Euro | ND | 24 | ND | ND |
| Klevens (2007) | 2.5 billion* $ | ND | ND | VAP | ND |
| Klevens (2007) | ND | 13,088 person | ND | CAUTI | ND |
| NQF (2009) | 119,872 $ | ND | ND | SSI | ND |
| NQF (2009) | ND | 14.4-23.8% | ND | VAP | ND |
| Pitet (1994) | ND | 14,000 person | ND | CLABSI | ND |
| Saint (2003) | ND | ND | ND | CAUTI | 17-69% |
| Umscheid (2011)** | ND | ND | ND | CAUTI-CLABSI VAP-SSI | 65-70% CAUTI-CLABSI 55% VAP-SSI |
| Warren (2003) | 48,948 $ | ND | 25 | VAP | ND |
| Wiegand (2012) | 7,147 euro | 6.8-42% | 7.8-25 | CDI | ND |
| Winstein (1997) | ND | 10% | ND | CAUTI | ND |
| Wong (2004) | 10 billion* $ | ND | ND | SSI | ND |
| Septimus (2014) | 9.8 billion* $ | ND | ND | HAI | ND |
*
The figures representing the entire country;
ND: No Data; VAP: Ventilator Associated Pheumonia; MDRO: Multi Drug Resistant Organisms; CLABSI: Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection; CAUTI: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection; SSI Surgical Site Infection; CDI: Clostridium difficile Infection; HAI: Healthcare-Associated Infections (Hospital Infections).
**
Financial figures according to Umschied et al.;
Thanks to prevention, financial figures are as follows: VAP, 2.19-3.17 billion dollar; CAUTI, 115 million-2.82 billion dollar; SSI, 166-345 million dollar. CLABSI, 960 million-1.82 billion dollar [27].