Table 2.
Smoking status and clinical characteristics of participants
| Men (n = 256) | Women (n = 320) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Current smoker (n = 89) | Former smoker (n = 73) | Never smoker (n = 94) | Current smoker (n = 11) | Former smoker (n = 6) | Never smoker (n = 303) | |
| Age (year) | ||||||
| 60-69 y | 50 (56.2)* | 25 (34.2) | 28 (29.8) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (16.7) | 62 (20.5) |
| 70-79 y | 19 (21.3) | 30 (41.1) | 26 (27.7) | 3 (27.3) | 2 (33.3) | 99 (32.7) |
| ≥ 80 y | 20 (22.5) | 18 (24.7) | 40 (42.5)** | 7 (63.6) | 3 (50.0) | 142 (46.9) |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||
| Systolic pressure | 137 ± 19 | 137 ± 22 | 142 ± 23 | 140 ± 21 | 141 ± 14 | 146 ± 24 |
| Diastolic pressure | 80 ± 11 | 80 ± 11 | 84 ± 13*** | 78 ± 11 | 82 ± 12 | 79 ± 10 |
| Level of education (n, %) | ||||||
| Primary or below | 24 (27.0) | 20 (22.5) | 25 (26.6) | 9 (81.8) | 5 (83.3) | 185 (61.1) |
| Secondary school | 52 (58.4) | 32 (40.4) | 44 (46.8) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (16.7) | 95 (31.4) |
| College or above | 13 (14.6) | 17 (19.1) | 25 (26.6) | 0 | 0 | 23 (7.5) |
| Body mass index (n, %) | ||||||
| Underweight | 7 (7.9) | 2 (2.7) | 10 (10.6) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (16.7) | 21 (6.9) |
| Normal weight | 34 (38.2) | 28 (38.4) | 39 (41.5) | 5 (45.5) | 1 (16.7) | 130 (42.9) |
| Overweight | 36 (40.4) | 26 (35.6) | 34 (36.2) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (50.0) | 95 (31.4) |
| Obesity | 22 (13.5) | 17 (23.3) | 11 (11.7) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (16.7) | 57 (18.8) |
| Alcohol consumption (n, %) | ||||||
| Nondrinker | 52 (58.4) | 62 (84.9) | 88 (93.6)* | 9 (81.8) | 6 (100) | 301 (99.3) |
| < 1 drink/d | 6 (6.8) | 3 (4.1) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (9.1) | 0 | 0 |
| ≥ 1 drink/d | 31 (34.8) | 8 (11.0) | 5 (5.3) | 1 (9.1) | 0 | 2 (0.7) |
| Physical activity (n, %) | ||||||
| Sedentary lifestyle | 50 (56.2) | 35 (47.9) | 48 (51.1) | 9 (81.8) | 6 (100) | 194 (64.0) |
| Recreational activity | 39 (43.8) | 38 (52.1) | 46 (48.9) | 2 (18.2) | 0 | 109 (36.0) |
| Distribution of disease (n, %) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 66 (74.2) | 48 (65.8) | 69 (73.4) | 9 (81.8) | 6 (100) | 249 (82.1) |
| Ischemic stroke | 46 (51.7)* | 22 (30.1) | 40 (42.6) | 3 (27.2) | 2 (33.3) | 100 (33.0) |
| Coronary heart disease | 41 (46.1) | 40 (54.8) | 49 (52.1) | 6 (54.5) | 5 (83.3) | 172 (56.8) |
| Diabetes | 29 (32.6) | 19 (26.0) | 31 (33.0) | 6 (54.5) | 3 (50.0) | 112 (37.0) |
*
Comparison between groups by Chi-square test, the incidence of ischemic stroke was higher in current smokers than that in others (P < 0.01);
**
Comparison between groups by Chi-square test, Elder patients was more in never smoked than that in others (P < 0.05);
***
Comparison between groups by One-Way ANOVA, Diastolic pressure in current smokers was higher than that in others (P < 0.05).