Table 3.
The effect of cigarette smoking on biochemical indexes of participants
| Never smoker (n = 397) | Former smoker (n = 79) | Current smoker (n = 100) | F 1 | P | F 2 | P | P 3 | P 4 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hcy** (umol/l) | 14.11 ± 1.56 | 14.61 ± 1.52 | 16.83 ± 1.59 | 6.232 | 0.002 | 5.527 | 0.004 | 0.055 | 0.001 | |
| SOD* (U/l) | 118.9 ± 21.7 | 123.0 ± 22.4 | 116.9 ± 23.5 | 1.758 | 0.173 | 5.464 | 0.004 | 0.013 | 0.002 | |
| CRP** (mg/l) | 5.16 ± 2.45 | 7.92 ± 3.59 | 5.58 ± 2.54 | 6.011 | 0.003 | 4.471 | 0.012 | 0.297 | 0.055 | |
| Folate** (nmol/l) | 22.54 ± 1.61 | 18.80 ± 1.53 | 15.58 ± 1.70 | 14.232 | 0.000 | 4.463 | 0.012 | 0.005 | 0.044 | |
| VB12 ** (pmol/l) | 347.2 ± 2.4 | 347.2 ± 1.6 | 287.1 ± 2.0 | 1.246 | 0.289 | 0.555 | 0.575 | 0.460 | 0.320 | |
| TC* (mmol/l) | 4.47 ± 1.08 | 4.21 ± 1.16 | 4.40 ± 1.13 | 1.946 | 0.144 | 0.948 | 0.388 | 0.169 | 0.468 | |
| TG* (mmol/l) | 1.53 ± 0.99 | 1.27 ± 0.59 | 1.59 ± 0.92 | 2.921 | 0.055 | 2.267 | 0.105 | 0.178 | 0.036 | |
| HDL* (mmol/l) | 1.16 ± 0.32 | 1.05 ± 0.28 | 1.02 ± 0.23 | 11.105 | 0.000 | 2.027 | 0.133 | 0.045 | 0.287 | |
| LDL* (mmol/l) | 2.53 ± 0.84 | 2.43 ± 0.91 | 2.61 ± 0.88 | 1.015 | 0.363 | 1.862 | 0.156 | 0.056 | 0.238 | |
| Glu** (mmol/l) | 5.69 ± 1.33 | 5.91 ± 1.28 | 5.81 ± 1.34 | 0.687 | 0.503 | 0.661 | 0.517 | 0.972 | 0.310 | |
| HbA1c** (%) | 6.62 ± 1.22 | 6.73 ± 1.28 | 6.75 ± 1.27 | 0.374 | 0.688 | 1.129 | 0.324 | 0.251 | 0.810 | |
| Cr** (μmol/l) | 78.3 ± 1.5 | 91.8 ± 1.3 | 84.8 ± 1.3 | 7.829 | 0.000 | 0.332 | 0.718 | 0.536 | 0.443 | |
| UA** (μmol/l) | 317.3 ± 1.4 | 327.0 ± 1.3 | 354.2 ± 1.3 | 5.056 | 0.007 | 4.779 | 0.009 | 0.036 | 0.003 | |
| Alb* (g/l) | 37.8 ± 3.9 | 37.4 ± 4.3 | 37.8 ± 3.5 | 0.353 | 0.703 | 0.721 | 0.487 | 0.352 | 0.846 | |
| PA* (g/l) | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 2.956 | 0.053 | 0.856 | 0.425 | 0.538 | 0.498 | |
normal distribution variables described as mean ± standard deviation;
The asymmetric distribution of the variables described as Geometric mean ± standard deviation after natural logarithm transformation;
Compared differences between groups by One-Way ANOVA;
The general linear model was used to compared the differences between groups, All variables after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, hypertension and diabetes; UA, Uric acid, after adjustment for serum creatinine; SOD after adjustment for serum albumin; Hcy, after adjustment for serum creatinine, Folate and VB12;
Pair-wise comparison between current smokers and never smokers;
Pair-wise comparison between current smokers and former smokers.