Table 5.
The relationship between increased or decreased* biochemical indexes related smoking and the risk of cardiovascular disease
| Hypertension | Coronary Heart Disease | Ischemic Stroke | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Uric acid level | ||||||
| Age-, sex-adjusted | 1.589 (0.821-3.078) | 0.170 | 3.161 (1.771-5.643) | 0.000 | 0.425 (0.232-0.781) | 0.006 |
| Multivariate-adjusted** | 0.938 (0.368-2.390) | 0.894 | 2.478 (1.173-5.237) | 0.017 | 0.280 (0.141-0.557) | 0.000 |
| SOD level | ||||||
| Age-, sex-adjusted | 0.884 (0.425-1.839) | 0.742 | 2.344 (1.283-4.283) | 0.006 | 0.827 (0.446-1.531) | 0.545 |
| Multivariate-adjusted** | 2.748 (1.151-6.561) | 0.023 | 2.343 (1.155-4.752) | 0.018 | 2.168 (1.056-4.453) | 0.035 |
| Homocysteine level | ||||||
| Age-, sex-adjusted | 1.478 (0.725-3.014) | 0.283 | 1.626 (0.901-2.934) | 0.106 | 1.372 (0.750-2.512) | 0.305 |
| Multivariate-adjusted2 | 0.816 (0.320-2.078) | 0.670 | 0.980 (0.453-2.121) | 0.959 | 1.919 (0.936-3.932) | 0.075 |
| Folate level | ||||||
| Age-, sex-adjusted | 0.648 (0.216-1.944) | 0.439 | 0.809 (0.335-1.958) | 0.639 | 1.937 (0.799-4.697) | 0.143 |
| Multivariate-adjusted** | 0.650 (0.168-2.507) | 0.532 | 0.788 (0.293-2.122) | 0.638 | 1.736 (0.704-4.281) | 0.231 |
*
UA and Hcy, the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile; SOD and Folate, the lowest quintile compared with the highest quintile;
**
Adjusted for age, sex, diabetic status, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, serum creatinine, C reactive protein, leisure time physical activity, drinking, and use of aspirin in the past month.