Table 2.
Percentages and odds ratios of not initiating breastfeeding by maternal perception of family members’ and providers’ opinion about infant feeding
| n | % Not initiating | Adjusted odds ratioa | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,041 | ||||
| Feeding preference by family members | ||||
| Infant’s father | ||||
| Breastfeeding only | 1,141 | 1.9 | Reference | |
| Formula only | 135 | 82.2 | 110.4 | 52.0–234.4 |
| Breastfeeding+formula | 350 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 1.7–5.9 |
| No opinion or don’t know | 415 | 26.8 | 7.6 | 4.5–12.7 |
| Maternal grandmother | ||||
| Breastfeeding only | 814 | 1.6 | Reference | |
| Formula only | 161 | 55.3 | 15.9 | 7.0–36.0 |
| Breastfeeding+formula | 317 | 8.2 | 2.0 | 0.9–4.5 |
| No opinion or don’t know | 749 | 20.2 | 5.4 | 2.6–11.0 |
| Paternal grandmother | ||||
| Breastfeeding only | 595 | 3.4 | Reference | |
| Formula only | 119 | 39.5 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.4 |
| Breastfeeding+formula | 261 | 8.4 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.3 |
| No opinion or don’t know | 1,066 | 17.8 | 1.4 | 0.8–2.7 |
| Feeding preference by providers | ||||
| Infant’s doctor | ||||
| Breastfeeding only | 919 | 4.8 | Reference | |
| Formula only | 25 | 88.0 | 2.0 | 0.2–18.8 |
| Breastfeeding+formula | 247 | 17.8 | 2.7 | 1.2–6.2 |
| No opinion or don’t know | 850 | 19.9 | 1.9 | 1.0–3.7 |
| Mother’s doctor | ||||
| Breastfeeding only | 882 | 5.0 | Reference | |
| Formula only | 29 | 75.9 | 5.4 | 0.8–38.3 |
| Breastfeeding+formula | 242 | 17.8 | 1.3 | 0.5–3.0 |
| No opinion or don’t know | 888 | 19.1 | 1.3 | 0.7–2.6 |
a
All sociodemographic covariates, the family, and health care provider’s opinions were entered simultaneously into the model. Covariates included maternal age; parity; marital status; education; household poverty level; participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; and ethnicity.