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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Res. 2015 Apr 4;52:494–507. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.03.004

Table 2A.

Main and First Stage Results for Table 6

Outcome College
Enrollment		 % College
Enrollment		 College
Enrollment		 % College
Enrollment		 College
Enrollment		 % College
Enrollment
Sample Full Full Full
Method 2SLS First Stage 2SLS First Stage 2SLS First Stage
Instruments All Contextual All Contextual % College Encouragement
Fixed Effects None School School
% College 0.482***
(0.042)		 0.544***
(0.142)		 0.457*
(0.274)
College Encouragement 0.111***
(0.009)		 0.011**
(0.005)		 0.105***
(0.009)		 −0.002
(0.001)		 0.105***
(0.009)		 −0.000
(0.002)
Male −0.074***
(0.010)		 −0.004
(0.003)		 −0.074***
(0.010)		 0.002
(0.001)		 −0.074***
(0.009)		 0.002
(0.001)
Age −0.075***
(0.007)		 −0.004
(0.003)		 −0.077***
(0.007)		 0.002**
(0.001)		 −0.076***
(0.007)		 0.002**
(0.001)
Black 0.044***
(0.012)		 0.008
(0.006)		 0.050***
(0.013)		 −0.000
(0.003)		 0.049***
(0.013)		 −0.001
(0.002)
Hispanic 0.038**
(0.016)		 0.016**
(0.007)		 0.015
(0.022)		 0.001
(0.003)		 0.014
(0.021)		 0.001
(0.003)
Other Race 0.060***
(0.023)		 −0.012
(0.009)		 0.082***
(0.019)		 0.000
(0.003)		 0.080***
(0.019)		 −0.001
(0.003)
Number of Siblings 0.002
(0.004)		 −0.001
(0.002)		 0.002
(0.004)		 0.001
(0.001)		 0.002
(0.004)		 0.001
(0.001)
PVT Score 0.096***
(0.008)		 0.012*
(0.006)		 0.099***
(0.007)		 −0.001
(0.001)		 0.099***
(0.007)		 −0.001
(0.001)
Maternal Education 0.032***
(0.003)		 0.001**
(0.001)		 0.032***
(0.003)		 0.000
(0.000)		 0.032***
(0.003)		 0.000
(0.000)
Family Income 0.001***
(0.000)		 0.000**
(0.000)		 0.001***
(0.000)		 0.000**
(0.000)		 0.001***
(0.000)		 0.000**
(0.000)
Married Household 0.080***
(0.011)		 0.009***
(0.003)		 0.076***
(0.011)		 0.002
(0.002)		 0.077***
(0.011)		 0.003
(0.002)
% Black 0.081
(0.053)		 −0.146
(0.145)		 −0.066
(0.109)		 −0.124
(0.134)
% Hispanic 0.259***
(0.051)		 −0.018
(0.148)		 0.056
(0.130)		 −0.033
(0.145)
% Other Race −0.048
(0.151)		 0.079
(0.117)		 −0.152
(0.121)		 0.084
(0.112)
% Married Households 0.402***
(0.088)		 0.187**
(0.082)		 0.140
(0.092)		 0.214***
(0.081)
Mean Family Income 0.003***
(0.001)		 0.002**
(0.001)		 0.000
(0.001)		 0.002**
(0.001)
Mean Maternal Education 0.115***
(0.016)		 0.044***
(0.016)		 −0.027
(0.017)		 0.039**
(0.016)
Rural Status −0.006
(0.010)		 −0.002
(0.003)		 −0.007
(0.014)		 −0.001
(0.002)
Grade Level = 8 0.095***
(0.013)		 0.043**
(0.018)		 0.094***
(0.014)		 0.045**
(0.017)		 0.096***
(0.018)		 0.047***
(0.017)
Grade Level = 9 0.174***
(0.019)		 0.069***
(0.023)		 0.175***
(0.021)		 0.078***
(0.027)		 0.176***
(0.027)		 0.074***
(0.026)
Grade Level = 10 0.277***
(0.026)		 0.126***
(0.024)		 0.277***
(0.030)		 0.126***
(0.028)		 0.278***
(0.042)		 0.123***
(0.027)
Grade Level = 11 0.353***
(0.030)		 0.148***
(0.023)		 0.352***
(0.037)		 0.148***
(0.027)		 0.358***
(0.050)		 0.146***
(0.026)
Grade Level = 12 0.450***
(0.038)		 0.198***
(0.026)		 0.451***
(0.047)		 0.202***
(0.028)		 0.458***
(0.065)		 0.199***
(0.027)
% College Encouragement 0.172**
(0.070)
Observations 10638 10638 10638 10638 10638 10638
R-squared 0.235 0.611 0.135 0.333 0.138 0.348
Number of Schools 121 121 121 121
F-stat 44.948 4.780 6.087
J-Stat P-value 0.0000681 0.042

Robust standard errors clustered at the school-grade level,

***

1%,

**

5%,

*

10%.

Additional Controls: Grade dummies, Constant, Dummy for Missing Parent Information, Number of Siblings, Rural Status, Number of students sampled in school

Note: aggregate variables (e.g. % black) at the school-grade level