Table 2.
Hybrid fixed and random effects regression models
| Visit
|
||
|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Constant (wave 1 level of visiting) | 4.07*** | 4.45*** |
| Time (change in visit from wave 1 to wave 2) | −0.17*** | −0.16 |
| Parent-Adult Child Spatial Proximity | ||
| Stayed middle | −1.26*** | |
| Stayed far | −2.54*** | |
| Close to middle | −0.38*** | |
| Close to far | −0.21*** | |
| Middle to close | −0.92*** | |
| Middle to far | −1.52*** | |
| Far to close | −2.32*** | |
| Far to middle | −2.40*** | |
| Stayed close | Reference | |
| Stayed middle * time | −0.24*** | |
| Stayed far * time | −0.03 | |
| Close to middle * time | −0.71*** | |
| Close to far * time | −1.93*** | |
| Middle to close * time | 0.69*** | |
| Middle to far * time | −0.75*** | |
| Far to close * time | 2.27*** | |
| Far to middle * time | 0.83*** | |
| Parent’s Marital Status | ||
| Not married (separate/divorced) → Married | −0.09 | |
| Not married (widowed) → Married | 0.02 | |
| Married → Separate/divorced | −0.24* | |
| Married → Widowed | −0.00 | |
| Not married (never/sep/div/widow) → Not married | −0.26*** | |
| Married → Married | Reference | |
| Not married (separate/divorced) → Married * time | −0.05 | |
| Not married (widowed) → Married* time | 0.22 | |
| Married → Separate/divorced* time | −0.27* | |
| Married → Widowed* time | −0.08 | |
| Not married (never/sep/div/widow) → Not married * time | −0.02 | |
| Parent’s Health | ||
| Deviation from average health | 0.02 | |
| Average health between 2 waves | 0.01 | |
| Coresidence with Adult Child(ren) | ||
| Coliving → Non-coliving | 0.09 | |
| Coliving → Coliving | 0.13** | |
| Non-coliving → Coliving | 0.01 | |
| Non-coliving → Non-coliving | Reference | |
| Coliving → Non-coliving* time | −0.10 | |
| Coliving → Coliving* time | −0.17*** | |
| Non-coliving → Coliving* time | 0.03 | |
| Parent’s Age | ||
| Deviation from average age | 0.01 | |
| Average age between 2 waves | 0.00** | |
| Parent/Family Controls | ||
| Parent’s sex (Reference: male) | 0.12*** | |
| Parent’s education | 0.01* | |
| Black (Reference: non-Black) | −0.02 | |
| Hispanic (Reference: non-Hispanic) | 0.07 | |
| Number of children | −0.05*** | |
| Adult Child’s Marital Status | ||
| Not married → Married | 0.14*** | |
| Married → Not married | −0.03 | |
| Not married → Not married | −0.01 | |
| Married → Married | Reference | |
| Not married → Married* time | −0.11* | |
| Married → Not married* time | −0.00 | |
| Not married → Not married* time | −0.06 | |
| Adult Child’s Parental Status | ||
| No child → No child | −0.08* | |
| No child → Have child(ren) | −0.08+ | |
| Have child(ren) → Have child(ren) | Reference | |
| No child → No child* time | 0.09* | |
| No child → Have child(ren)* time | 0.17*** | |
| Adult Child’s Time-Invariant Characteristics | ||
| Adult child’s sex (Reference: male) | 0.12*** | |
| Adult child’s sex* time | 0.08** | |
| Biological child (Reference: stepchild) | 0.41*** | |
|
| ||
| Random effects | ||
| Family level | ||
| Var (time) | .27 | .25 |
| Var (constant) | .72 | .29 |
| Var (time, constant) | −.15 | −.12 |
| Child level | ||
| Var (time) | .14 | .07 |
| Var (constant) | 1.00 | .25 |
| Var (residual) | .66 | .48 |
|
| ||
| Observations | 12,090 | 12,090 |
| chi2 | 81.12 | 12584 |
| df | 1 | 55 |
p-values, for two-tailed significance tests, are identified as:
+
p<=0.1;
*
p<=0.05;
**
p<=0.01; and
***
p<=0.001