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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 26.
Published in final edited form as: Ethn Dis. 2010 Winter;20(1 0 2):S2–62-76.

Table 1.

A 12-point plan to close the Black-White gap in birth outcomes: A life-course approach

  1. Provide interconception care to women with prior adverse pregnancy outcomes

  2. Increase access to preconception care to African American women

  3. Improve the quality of prenatal care

  4. Expand healthcare access over the life course

  5. Strengthen father involvement in African American families

  6. Enhance coordination and integration of family support services

  7. Create reproductive social capital in African American communities

  8. Invest in community building and urban renewal

  9. Close the education gap

  10. Reduce poverty among African American families

  11. Support working mothers and families

  12. Undo racism