Table 1.

Lycopod B identified pollen and spores and botanical affinity. First column: Taxonomic resolution: ● = known from a single order or family; ◉ = known from a single class, but in multiple or unknown orders; ○ = known from a single division, but in multiple or unknown classes; ✕ = known from multiple divisions or division unknown; Second column: Taxa; Third column: (1) Literature references to in situ records and previous authors who have assigned particular spore/pollen taxa to macrofloral elements; (2) information where these micro-macro correlations were established (locality, area and age); (3) and comments on the reliability of correlations, indicating how trustworthy specific assignments to taxa are.

	Spore or (pre)pollen category	Botanical affinity
✕	Alisporites cf. plicatus Jizba 1962	Peltaspermales (seed ferns) and Voltziales (conifers) Alisporites s.l. has been described in situ from the peltamales pollen organ Pterispermostrobus (Permian, Germany; Balme, 1995), pollen organ Lelestrobus (? Peltaspermales, Permian/Triassic, India; Srivastava, 1984), and Triassic Corystospermales (Osborn and Taylor, 1993). It has also been isolated from conifer cones, including Ullmannia (Voltziales, Permian, Germany; Florin, 1944; Potonié, 1962) and Willsiostrobus (Triassic, France; Grauvogel-Stamm, 1978).
✕	Anapiculatisporites vegrandis (Upshaw et Creath) Ravn 1986	Botryopteridaceae (herbaceous ferns) and unknown Lycopsida (lycopods) SEM studies have shown that spores found in Botryopteris sp. (Carboniferous, USA) belong to Anapiculatisporites (Balme, 1995), but it has also been also described from a lycopsid of unknown affinity (Carinostrobus, Carboniferous, USA; Baxter, 1971).
●	Apiculatasporites aculeatus (Ibrahim) Ravn 1986 A. latigranifer (Loose) Ravn 1986 A. spinulistratus (Loose) Ibrahim 1933 A. variocorneus (Sullivan) Ravn 1986 A. variusetosus (Peppers) Ravn 1986	Zygopteridales (herbaceous ferns) Apiculatasporites spores (including A. spinulistratus) were found in situ in Corynepteris (Carboniferous, USA, England, Germany and France; Brousmiche, 1983; Balme, 1995).
●	Apiculatisporites saetiger (Peppers) Ravn 1986	Zygopteridales (herbaceous ferns) Apiculatisporites saetiger spores have been found in situ in Corynepteris (Carboniferous, Scotland, Hemsley et al., 1994).
●	Cadiospora magna Kosanke 1950	Lepidodendrales: Sigillariaceae; Sigillaria (lycopods) Cadiospora is known from the heterosporous strobilus Thomasostrobus, which resembles those of Sigillaria brardii (Pennsylvanian; Czech Republic; Opluštil et al., 2009).
○	Calamospora breviradiata Kosanke 1950 C. flexilis Kosanke 1950 C. parva Guennel 1958 C. pedata Kosanke 1950 C. straminea Wilson et Kosanke 1944	Equisetales, Sphenophyllales (horsetails), and Noeggerathiales (progymnosperms) Carboniferous Calamospora is known in situ from strobili of Equisetales (e.g., Calamostachys, Palaeostachya) and Sphenophyllales (Bowmanites), and cones belonging to Noeggerathiales, of unknown affinity (e.g., USA, Germany, France, Czech Republic, China; for an overview see Balme, 1995; Taylor et al., 2009). Calamospora in Lycopod B probably do not represent Noeggerathiales; megafossils attributable to that group are rare or absent in the Texas flora.
×	Colatisporites decorus (Bharadwaj and Venkatachala) Williams, in Neves et al. 1973	? Lyginopteridales (seed ferns) The prepollen Colatisporites has been found in ovules of Lyrasperma scotica, but the pollen organs are unknown (Retallack and Dilcher 1988).
●	Columinisporites ovalis Peppers 1964	Sphenophyllales (horsetails) Columinisporites is known in situ from Euramerican Carboniferous sphenopsid cone taxa Bowmanites (England, Potonié, 1962), Peltastrobus (USA, Taylor, 1986), and Sentisporites (USA; Riggs and Rothwell, 1985).
✕	Convolutispora florida Hoffmeister et al. 1955 C. tessellata Hoffmeister et al. 1955	Polypodiidae, Marattiales (both ferns) and Lyginopteridales (seed ferns) Convolutispora spores have been described in situ from Carboniferous Euramerican Zygopteridaceae, Botryopteridaceae, and Marattiales, and Lyginopterdales (Balme, 1995). In Lycopod B Convolutispora likely represents ferns.
●	Crassispora kosankei (Potonié et Kremp) Bhardwaj 1957 C. annulata Ravn 1979	Lepidodendrales: Sigillariaceae; Sigillaria (lycopods) Spores attributable to Crassispora (including C. kosankei) have been found in situ in Carboniferous Sigillaria strobili (Mazocarpon, Sigillariostrobus, Megalocarpon; USA, England, Germany; for an overview see Opluštil and Bek (2009)).
✕	Cyclogranisporites aureus (Loose) Potonie et Kremp 1955 C. flavus (Konsanke) Potonie et Kremp 1955 C. microgranus Bhardwaj 1957 C. minutus Bhardwaj 1957 C. lasius (Waltz) Playford 1962 (syn: C. multigranus Smith et Butterworth 1967) C. obliquus (Kosanke) Upshaw et Hedlund 1967 (syn: Punctatisporites obliquus Kosanke 1950) C. orbicularis (Kosanke) Potonié et Kremp 1955	Marattiales (tree ferns) and ? Medullosales (seed ferns) Many species of Cyclogranisporites spores (including cf. C. aureus, minutus and orbicularis) have been found in situ in Asterotheca, Scolecopteris and other fertile fronds of Marattiales (USA, France, Germany; Pfefferkorn et al., 1971; Zodrow et al., 2006) and tentative Medullosan pollen organ Potoniea (Carboniferous, England; for an overview see Balme, 1995). In Lycopod B Cyclogranisporites likely represents ferns.
◉	Deltoidospora gracilis (Imgrund) Ravn 1986 D. sphaerotriangularis (Loose) Ravn 1986	Polypodiidae (ferns) Deltoidospora is found a wide range of Mesozoic ferns, but has not been described from Paleozoic representatives. However, Leiotriletes, a junior synonym of Deltoidospora (Balme, 1995) has been reported in Zygopteridales (including spores similar to L. sphaerotriangularis, Carboniferous, England; Chaphekar and Alvin, 1972), and numerous Carboniferous Euramerican Botryopteriaceae (including spores comparable to L. sphaerotriangularis, Carboniferous, USA; Eggert and Delevoryas, 1967). Several of these spores are likely immature; for an overview see Balme (1995).
✕	Diaphanospora parvigracila (Peppers) Ravn 1979	Parent plants unknown These trilete spores have not been found in situ. They could represent one of a number of ferns or seeds ferns.
✕	Dictyomonolites swadei Ravn 1986	Parent plants unknown These spores have not been found in situ. They could represent one of a number of ferns or seeds ferns, but their morphology (small, irregular amb, ornamented, monolete) suggests an association with Marattiales.
●	Endosporites globiformis (Ibrahim) Schopf et al. 1944	Isoetales; Chaloneria/Polysporia (lycopods) Known in situ from Late Pennsylvanian strobili of Polysporia (USA, United Kingdom, Czech Republic; Chaloner 1958b; Bek et al., 2008).
●	Fabasporites pallidus Clendening 1979	Marattiales (tree ferns) Spores assignable to Fabasporites have been found in situ in fertile Acaulangium fronds (Carboniferous, USA, Millay, 1977).
◉	Falcisporites zapfei (Leschik) Klaus 1963	Peltaspermales and Corystospermales (seed ferns) Falcisporites has been found in a large number of Peltaspermales and some Corystospermales, albeit mainly from the Permian and younger. Permian taxa, including Nidistrobus and Pteruchus (both Permo-Triassic, India; see Balme (1995) and references therein). It is also known from the pollen organ Permotheca (Permian, Russia; Meyen, 1984; Naugolnykh, 2013).
●	Florinites florinii Imgrund 1960 F. junior Potonié et Kremp 1956 F. mediapudens (Loose) Potonié et Kremp 1956 F. millottii Butterworth et Williams 1954 F. occultus Habib 1966 F. pumicosus (Ibrahim) Schopf et al. 1944 F. similis Kosanke 1950 F. visendus (Ibrahim) Schopf et al. 1944 F. volans (Loose) Potonié et Kremp 1956	Cordaitales: Cordaites Florinites-type pollen has been described from several Cordaitanthus cones (Carboniferous; USA, France; for an overview see Balme, 1995).
◉	Gillespieisporites venustus Clendening 1969 (?= Triquitrites spp., esp. T. sculptilis)	Gleicheniaceae (herbaceous ferns) These trilete acavate spores have not been found in situ. However, they closely resemble Triquitrites spores, which have been found in situ in the fern Szea sinensis (Gleicheniales, Permian, South China; Yao and Taylor, 1988).
✕	Granulatisporites adnatus Kosanke 1950 (syn: G. adnatoides (Potonié et Kremp 1955) G. parvus Kosanke 1950	Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Equisetopsida, Lyginopteridales Granulatisporites is an undiagnostic morphotaxon, known from very different plant groups (see Balme, 1995). However, the taxa found in Lycopod B likely represent herbaceous ferns. G. adnatus is found in Botryopteris (England; Holden, 1962) and spores similar to G. parvus in Oligocarpia (Sermayaceae, France; Grauvogel-Stamm and Doubinger, 1975; Brousmiche, 1983, Pšenička et al., 2005).
◉	Guthoerlisporites sp.	? Peltaspermales (seed ferns) According to Balme (1995), some of the spores found in situ in Schuetzia are assignable to Guthoerlisporites (see information under Wilsonites).
✕	Hymenospora sp. cf. H. caperata Felix et Burbridge 1967	Parent plants unknown These trilete cavate spores have not been found in situ. Their parent plant is unknown.
◉	Horriditriletes sp.	Polypodiidae: Osmundales and unknown ferns Spores similar to Horriditriletes have been found in situ in Skaaripteris (Osmundales, Permian, Antactica; Galtier and Taylor, 1994), and in ferns of unknown affinities (Permian, India, and Australia; Balme, 1995).
✕	Illinites unicus Kosanke 1950	Voltziales (conifers) Illinites pollen has been described from the conifer pollen cone Willsiostrobus (Voltziales, Triassic, France; Grauvogel-Stamm and Grauvogel, 1973; Grauvogel-Stamm, 1978). They have not been found in Carboniferous or Permian pollen organs.
●	Laevigatosporites globosus Schemel 1951 (intergrades w/ C. obliquus) L. minimus (Wilson et Coe) Schopf et al. 1944 L. minor Loose 1934	Marattiales (tree ferns) Both L. globosus and minimus have been isolated from Scolecopteris fronds (Marattiales, Carboniferous; USA, Canada; Pfefferkorn et al., 1971; Millay and Taylor 1984; Pšenicka et al., 2003). Small Laevigatosporites (≤30–35μm) are generally assigned to Marattiales and larger ones to Sphenophyllales (Ravn, 1986; Libertín et al., 2014).
●	Laevigatosporites desmoinesensis (Wilson et Coe) Schopf et al. 1944 L. maximus Loose 1934 em. Potonié et Kremp 1956 L. medius Kosanke 1950 L. vulgaris (Ibrahim) Ibrahim 1933	Sphenophyllales (horsetails) Several Sphenophyllales produce large monolete spores (≥35μm) with ridged perispores (Columinisporites). When the perispore is not preserved the spores are morphologically compatible with the dispersed spore genus Laevigatosporites (e.g., Playford and Dino, 2000; Balme, 1995; Libertín et al., 2014).
✕	Leioaletes circularis Ravn et Fitzgerald 1982	? Marattiales (tree ferns) Ravn (1986) compares L. circularis to spores described in situ from Radstockia (Carboniferous, USA; Taylor, 1967). However, Libertin et al. (2014) consider Leioaletes to represent immature spores of Laevigatosporites or Latisporites.
●	Lophotriletes granoornatus Artüz 1957 L. rarispinosus Peppers 1970	Botryopteridaceae (herbaceous ferns) Lophotriletes spores have been described from several Carboniferous taxa, e.g. Botryopteris, Psalixochlaena, Sphyropteris, and Renaultia (USA, England, Germany, France; Remy and Remy, 1957; Good, 1981; Millay and Taylor, 1982; Potonié, 1962; Brousmiche, 1986; Balme, 1995).
●	Microreticulatisporites nobilis (Wicher) Knox 1955	Botryopteridaceae and Gleicheniaceae (herbaceous ferns) Microreticulatisporites spores have been found in Botryopteris (Botryopteridaceae, Carboniferous, USA and France; for an overview see Balme, 1995) and Radiitheca (Gleicheniaceae, Carboniferous, France and Czech Republic; Brousmiche et al., 1997).
●	Nuskoisporites crenulatus Wilson 1962	Voltziales (conifers) The prepollen produced by members of the Late Permian conifer genus Ortiseia fall within the dispersed pollen genus Nuskoisporites (Clement-Westerhof, 1984; Poort et al., 1997). N. crenulatus was likely also produced by a conifer.
×	Paravesicaspora cf. P. splendens (Leschik) Klaus 1963	Parent plants unknown (but seed plant based on morphology) This pollen type has not been found in situ, but the morphology closely resembles that of Vesicaspora and may represent Callistophytaceae or Peltaspermales, which have similar, alveolate bisaccate or pseudobisaccate, sulcoid pollen. In any case, it almost certainly represents a seed fern.
✕	Pityosporites sp. cf. P. westphalensis Williams 1955	Parent plants unknown (but seed plant based on morphology) Pityosporites pollen has been found in situ in the gymnosperm microsporophyll Pramelreuthia (Triassic, USA; Ash and Litwin, 1996). The alveolar bisaccate morphology indicates that this form is produced by a seed plant, most likely a seed fern.
✕	Platysaccus saarensis (Bharadwaj) Jizba 1962	Parent plants unknown (but seed plant based on morphology) Platysaccus has been found in cones associated with the Triassic seed fern Dicroidium (Corystospermaceae) (South Africa, Anderson and Anderson, 1983). The parent plants of the Carboniferous forms are unknown, but the alveolar bisaccate morphology indicates that it represents a seed plant, most likely a seed fern.
●	Potonieisporites novicus Bharadwaj 1954 P. bharadwaji Remy et Remy 1961 P. elegans (Wilson and Kosanke) Wilson et Venkatachala 1964 P. simplex Wilson 1962	Voltziales (conifers) The prepollen Potonieisporites was produced by members of several Pennsylvanian and Early Permian walchian conifer families, including Emporiaceae, Bartheliaceae, Thucydiaceae, Utrechtiaceae (e.g., Hernandez-Castillo et al. 2001; Rothwell et al., 2005).
○	Protohaploxypinus sp.	Glossopteridales and Peltaspermales (seed ferns) Protohaploxypinus pollen has been found in Permian pollen organs associated with Gondwanan Glossopteridales (e.g., Gould and Delevoryas, 1977; Zavada, 1991; Lindström et al., 1997). Protohaploxypinus was found in situ in pollen organ Permotheca, and in association with Peltaspermalean cuticles in a coprolite (Russia, Gomankov and Meyen, 1986; Meyen, 1997). Their parent plants in the Euramerican realm are, however, unknown.
✕	Punctatisporites edgarensis Peppers 1970 P. flavus (Kosanke) Potonié et Kremp 1955 P. glaber (Naumova) Playford 1962 [syn: P. curviradiatus Staplin 1960] P. obesus (Loose) Potonié et Kremp 1955 Punctatisporites minutus (Kosanke) Peppers 1964 Punctatisporites aerarius Butterworth et Williams 1958 Punctatisporites nitidus Hoffmeister et al.1955	Filicopsida, Equisetopsida, Cycadopsida, Noeggerathians, and Calamopityales Mature Carboniferous forms resembling Punctatisporites have been described from many plant groups (for an overview see Balme, 1995). Punctatisporites aerarius has been reported from Scolecopteris majopsis (Lesnikowska, 1989; see also Eble et al., 2003). P. obesus is known in situ from Bowmanites (sphenophylls, Czech Republic; Libertín et al. 2008). However, most of the species of Punctatisporites in the Lycopod B flora likely represent Marattiales or herbaceous ferns (Ravn, 1986.
●	Punctatosporites punctatus Ibrahim 1933 P. rotundus Bhardwaj 1957 em. Alpern et Doubinger 1973	Marattiales (tree ferns) Punctatosporites has been reported in situ from several Marratialean sporangia (USA, Pfefferkorn et al., 1971; France, Germany, Spain; for an overview see Balme, 1995).
✕	Pustulatisporites sp. cf. P. papillosus (Knox) Potonié et Kremp	Parent plants unknown These spores have not been found in situ. They could represent one of a variety of ferns or seeds ferns.
✕	Reinschospora speciosa (Loose) Schopf et al. 1944	Parent plants unknown These trilete spores have not been found in situ. However, most likely they represent some kind of fern or lycophyte.
✕	Reticulatisporites reticulatus (Ibrahim) Ibrahim 1933	Sphenophyllales (horsetails) and unknown ferns Reticulatisporites reticulatus is known from Bowmanites cones (Sphenophyllales, Carboniferous, Czech Republic, Bek and Libertín, 2010), and in sporangial aggregates of unknown filicopsid affinity (Eopteridangium, Carboniferous, USA; Andrews and Agashe, 1962; Potonié, 1967).
✕	Rugospora gracilirugosa Ravn 1986 R. radiata Ravn et Fitzgerald 1982	Parent plants unknown These acavate trilete spores have not been found in situ. They could represent one of a variety of ferns or seeds ferns.
○	Sahnisporites sp. cf. S. saarensis Bharadwaj 1954	Voltziales (conifers) These monolete bisaccate pollen have not been found in situ. However, they bear a close resemblance to Potonieisporites (Walchian Voltziales).
●	Schopfipollenites ellipsoides (Ibrahim) Potonié et Kremp 1954	Medullosales (seed ferns) Schopfipollenites (Monoletes) type pollen has been found in situ in Aulacotheca, Bernaulthia, Dolerotheca (Carboniferous; USA, United Kingdom, France; e.g., Millay and Taylor, 1979; Taylor and Rothwell, 1982; Balme, 1995).
●	Spinosporites exiguus Upshaw and Hedlund 1967	Marattiales (tree ferns) Spores resembling Spinosporites exiguus have been described from Scolecopteris monothrix (Millay, 1979, Millay and Taylor, 1984).
✕	Tantillus triquetrus Felix et Burbridge 1967	Parent plants unknown These acavate trilete spores have not been found in situ. They could represent one of a variety of ferns or seeds ferns, but in the Lycopod B flora most likely represent an herbaceous fern.
●	Thymospora obscura (Kosanke) Wilson et Venkatachala 1963 T. thiessenii (Kosanke) Wilson et Venkatachala 1963	Marattiales (tree ferns) Thymospora (including T. obscura and thiessenii) are known from synangia of fertile marattialean fronds (USA, France, Germany; Doubinger and Grauvogel-Stamm, 1971; Millay 1979; Lesnikowska and Willard, 1997).
●	Triquitrites sculptilis Balme 1952 em. Smith et Butterworth 1967 T. spinosus Kosanke 1943	Gleicheniaceae (herbaceous ferns) Triquitrites spores have been found in situ in Szea sinensis (Gleicheniaceae, Permian, South China; Yao and Taylor, 1988).
●	Tuberculatosporites robustus (Kosanke) Peppers 1970	Marattiales (tree ferns) Tuberculatosporites spores are known in situ from the following Marattiales: Pecopteris (Carboniferous, France), Qasimia (Permian, Saudi Arabia), and Scolecopteris (Carboniferous USA). For an overview see Balme (1995).
✕	Verrucosisporites donarii Potonié et Kremp 1955 V. sp. cf. V. morulatus (Knox) Potonié et Kremp 1955 em. Smith et Butterworth 1967 Verrucosisporites verrucosus (Ibrahim) Ibrahim 1933 V. microtuberosus (Ibrahim) Smith et Butterworth 1967	Zygopteridales, Marattiales, Lyginopteridales, Medullosales, Isoetales The genus Verrucosisporites is an undiagnostic morphotaxon that has been attributed to, Marattiales, Lyginopteridales, Medullosales and even Isoetales (for overview see Balme, 1995). Most or all of the Verrucosisporites spores in Lycopod B likely represent Zygopteridales and Marattiales. V. verrucosus has been reported in situ from Corynepteris (Zygopteridales, Carboniferous, U.S.A, Pfefferkorn et al., 1971). Spores resembling V. microtuberosus were produced by Acitheca (Marattiales, Carboniferous, Canada, Czech Republic; Zodrow et al., 2006).
○	Vesicaspora wilsonii Schemel 1951 em. Wilson et Venkatachala 1963 V. ovata (Balme and Hennelly) Hart 1960	Callistophytales and Peltaspermales (seed ferns) Vesicaspora has been found in situ in pollen organs (Idanothekion) borne on Callistophyton pinnules (Carboniferous, USA, Millay and Taylor, 1979; Rothwell 1981), and in the pollen organs Pterispermostrobus (Peltaspermales, Permian, Germany, Kerp, 1988) and Permotheca (Permian, Russia; Krassilov et al., 1999; Zavialova and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 2011).
✕	Waltzispora sagittata Playford 1962 Waltzispora prisca (Kosanke) Sullivan 1964	Parent plants unknown These trilete spores have not been found in situ. They could represent one of a variety of ferns or seeds ferns.
◉	Wilsonites circularis (Guennel) Peppers et Ravn, in Ravn 1979	? Peltaspermales (seed ferns) Wilsonites is known from pollen organs (Schuetzia) associated with Sphenopteris germanica; a potential peltasperm (Permian; Germany; Remy and Rettschlag, 1954; Balme, 1995).
✕	Zosterosporites triangularis Kosanke 1973	Parent plants unknown These trilete spores have not been found in situ. They could represent one of a variety of ferns or seeds ferns.