Table 2.
Outcomes reported in studies conducted from 1993 to 2014 on the health status of people who have experienced detention in Canada, N = 194
| Outcomes reported by category | Number of studies |
|---|---|
| Deaths | 14 |
| Suicide | 6 |
| Chronic disease | 6 |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder | 4 |
| Epilepsy | 2 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 1 |
| Respiratory disease | 1 |
| Diabetes | 1 |
| Urological disorder | 1 |
| Communicable diseases | 35 |
| Bloodborne or sexually transmitted infections | 28 |
| Unsafe injection equipment for drug use, tattooing or piercing | 11 |
| Tuberculosis prevalence | 2 |
| Immunization status | 2 |
| Mental health | 99 |
| Mental disorders | 79 |
| Intellectual disabilities | 6 |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 5 |
| Specific learning disorder | 4 |
| Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders | 16 |
| Bipolar and related and depressive disorders | 31 |
| Anxiety and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders | 19 |
| Trauma- and stressor-related disorders | 10 |
| Dissociative disorders | 2 |
| Somatic symptom disorders | 3 |
| Disruptive, impulse control and conduct disorders | 4 |
| Eating disorders | 1 |
| Gambling disorder | 3 |
| Personality disorders | 37 |
| Paraphilic disorders | 3 |
| Suicidality | 21 |
| Quality of life | 1 |
| Gambling | 3 |
| Psychiatric symptoms | 26 |
| Alexithymia | 2 |
| Substance use | 86 |
| Substance-related disorders | 48 |
| Substance use other than smoking | 44 |
| Smoking | 7 |
| Injection drug use | 22 |
| Overdose | 2 |
| Driving after substance use | 3 |
| Injury | 30 |
| Self-injury | 29 |
| Suicide attempt | 19 |
| Head injury/traumatic brain injury | 3 |
| Sexual and reproductive health | 29 |
| Sexual behaviours | 16 |
| Number of partners | 5 |
| Same sex partners | 6 |
| Condom use | 13 |
| Contraceptive use | 1 |
| Pregnancy history | 5 |
| Parity | 7 |
| Sex trade involvement | 14 |
| Cervical cancer screening results | 3 |
| Health system | 62 |
| Accessibility | 20 |
| Health care utilization | 18 |
| Hospitalization | 10 |
| Outpatient/clinic services | 7 |
| Dentist | 2 |
| Appropriateness | 32 |
| Screening | 18 |
| Mental health | 3 |
| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder | 1 |
| Cancer | 1 |
| Latent tuberculosis | 1 |
| Bloodborne infections: HIV and hepatitis C | 11 |
| Treatment | 20 |
| HIV treatment | 2 |
| Hepatitis C treatment | 4 |
| Latent tuberculosis treatment | 1 |
| Substance abuse treatment | 7 |
| Methadone maintenance treatment | 5 |
| Medication prescribed | 6 |
| Acceptability | 22 |
| Program participation | 5 |
| Program/treatment completion | 8 |
| Program/treatment satisfaction | 5 |
| Medication usage | 6 |
| Medication adherence | 2 |
| Effectiveness | 8 |
| Health needs | 8 |
| Social determinants of health | 80 |
| Race/ethnicity/Aboriginal status | 33 |
| Religion | 1 |
| Employment | 10 |
| Education | 7 |
| Income | 6 |
| Sexual orientation | 4 |
| Language | 5 |
| Housing | 13 |
| Experienced discrimination | 2 |
| Abuse | 29 |
| Childhood abuse | 25 |
| Other adverse childhood experiences | 16 |
| Child welfare involvement | 9 |
| Out of home placement | 4 |
| Residential school involvement | 4 |
| Witnessed domestic violence | 9 |
| Family and social connectedness | 18 |
| Coping skills | 4 |
| Locus of control | 3 |
| Self-esteem | 6 |
| Intelligence | 2 |
| Literacy | 1 |