Table 2.
Alveolar surface areas in rats and humans (the toxicological study [17] applied in model A used Fischer rats F344)
| Species/strain | N | Method and comments | Lung function status* | Alveolar surface area: absolute values | Alveolar surface area: ratio human/rat | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeh [23] | Rat (Long Evans, 330 g) | 1 | silicone rubber cast (does not entail the alveolar region) | TLC | 0.5725 m2 (mentioned as calculated value on p. 487, no value given in Table Two) | - | - |
| Yeh & Schum [24] | Human (60 years, ♂) | 1 | silicone rubber cast (does not entail the alveolar region) | TLC | No value given (neither in the text nor in Table Two) | - | - |
| US EPA [21]Brown et al. [5] | Rat (authors reference Yeh et al. [23], scaled to FRC) human (authors reference Yeh and Schum [24], scaled to FRC) | 1 | silicone rubber cast (does not entail the alveolar region) derivation of values in Brown et al. [5] cannot be reproduced from Yeh et al. [23] and Yeh and Schum [24] because of missing data and an unknown algorithm | FRC | 0.2972 m2 | 193 (57.22/ 0.2972) | |
| 1 | FRC | 57.22 m2 | |||||
| Gehr et al. [27] | Human (19 – 40 J) | 8 | in situ instillation with glutaraldehyde solution, evaluation by electron microscopy (evaluation according to the reference method, Hsia et al. [26]) | TLC | 143 m2 ± 12 | 349 (143 acc. to Gehr/0.41 acc. to Stone) (identical methods and F344 rats) | |
| Stone et al. [28] | Rat (F344, 290 g) | 4 | in situ instillation with glutaraldehyde solution, evaluation by electron microscopy (evaluation according to the reference method, Hsia et al. [26]) | TLC | 0,41 m2 ± 0,04 | 249 (102,2/ 0,4) | |
| 0.4 m2 ± 0,03 | |||||||
| Rat (SD, 363 g) | 8 | ||||||
| Human (nonsmoker) | 4 (3♀, 1♂) | surgically resected lung lobes (no in situ instillation, underestimation probable because of post-mortal atalectasis) | 102.2 m2 ± 20,5 | ||||
*TLC: total lung capacity, FRC: functional residual capacity.