Table 6.
Cascade of cellular and molecular biological events following particle lung exposure
| Phases | Hallmark | |
|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | Production of inflammation promoting mediators | ● Stimulation of primary ROS from AM, RNS |
| ● Stimulation of secondary ROS, RNS from AM, PMN (epithelial cells) | ||
| ● TNF alpha, MIP2 from AM | ||
| ● PMN recruitement | ||
| Phase 2 | Increased production of anti-inflammatory mediators | ● GSH |
| ● SOD | ||
| ● Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 | ||
| Phase 3 | Repair of injury | ● Stimulation of DNA-repair mechanisms |
| Phase 4 | Intermediate endpoints | ● 8-oxoGua |
| ● Proliferation | ||
Abbr.: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2´-deoxiguanosine: 8-oxoGua, alveolar macrophages: AM, reactive oxygen species: ROS, reactive nitrogen species: RNS, glutathione: GSH, macrophage inflammatory protein 2: MIP 2, polymorphonuclear neutrophils: PMN, superoxide dismutase: SOD, tumour necrosis factor alpha: TNF alpha.