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. 2015 May 21;14(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12930-015-0022-7

Table 2.

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants

n (%) or Median (interquartile range)
Intervention Control p value
n = 29 n = 21
Age (years) 56 (38 to 65) 55 (42 to 63) 0.94
Sex 0.39
Female 9 (31) 9 (43)
Male 20 (69) 12 (57)
Weight (kg) 71.8 (67.3 to 82.4) 74.1 (68.1 to 77.4) 0.84
Height (cm) 164.5 (156.5 to 168.3) 162.5 (154.5 to 168.1) 0.79
BMI (kg/m2) 27.6 (26.4 to 29.5) 27.6 (26.9 to 28.4) 0.78
Abdominal circumference (cm) 94.0 (91.8 to 98.0) 95.0 (92.0 to 97.5) 0.93
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 130 (120 to 140) 132 (120 to 138) 0.85
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 82 (72 to 86) 78 (71 to 86) 0.88
Serum lipid profile
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) 128 (101 to 147) 126 (103 to 148) 0.86
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) 56 (45 to 61) 53 (45 to 62) 0.85
Triglyceride (mg/dl) 117 (88 to 171) 109 (88 to 126) 0.52
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) 100 (95 to 109) 102 (95 to 117) 0.42
Hemoglobin A1c (%) 5.5 (5.2 to 5.9) 5.7 (5.3 to 6.2) 0.15
Regular medication
Antihypertensive drug 24 (82) 15 (71) 0.49
Lipid-lowering drug 9 (31) 7 (33) 0.86
Anti-diabetic drug 0 (0) 5 (24) 0.01
Medical history
Hypertension 25 (86) 17 (81) 0.71
Dyslipidemia 11 (38) 8 (38) 0.99
Type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 (7) 6 (29) 0.06
Metabolic syndrome criteria
Japanese criteria 15 (52) 6 (29) 0.10
NCEP-ATP III criteria 15 (52) 7 (33) 0.20
Educational background 0.48
Under high school 7 (24) 7 (33)
High school and above 22 (76) 14 (67)
Smoking 0.87
Non-smoker 24 (83) 17 (81)
Currently smoker 5 (17) 4 (19)
Alcohol drinking 0.53
Under once a week 14 (48) 12 (57)
Once a week or more 15 (52) 9 (43)
Weight self monitoring frequencya 0.73
Under once a week 14 (48) 11 (52)
Once a week or more 14 (48) 9 (43)
Home blood pressure monitoring 0.19
Regularly 24 (83) 14 (67)
Not regularly 5 (17) 6 (33)

We compared groups with the Mann–Whitney U test or Chi-squared test

BMI, body mass index; NCEP-ATP, Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel

aData were missing for one patient in the intervention group and one patient in the control group