Table 2. Sample Characteristics at Baseline by Depression Profile (N=423).
| Characteristics | No Event (n=207) |
Single (n=71) |
Persistent/ Recurrent (n=145) |
P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, Mean± Standard Deviation |
46.5±2.7 | 45.7 ±2.3 |
45.8±2.4 | 0.03 |
| African American, n (%) | 65 (31) | 26 (37) | 55 (38) | 0.41 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.24 | |||
| ≤ High school degree | 58 (28) | 16 (23) | 26 (18) | |
| Some college/vocational training |
73 (35) | 29 (41) | 55 (38) | |
| ≥College degree | 76 (37) | 26 (37) | 64 (44) | |
| Currently working, n (%) | 177 (86) | 62 (87) | 115 (80) | 0.22 |
| Married, n (%) | 146 (71) | 44 (62) | 93 (64) | 0.28 |
| Paying for Basics, n (%) | 0.10 | |||
| Very hard | 10 (5) | 3 (4) | 16 (11) | |
| Somewhat hard | 50 (24) | 22 (31) | 38 (26) | |
| Not very hard | 147 (71) | 46 (65) | 90 (63) | |
| Any Medical conditions* ever, n (%) 1 |
133 (64) | 52 (73) | 119 (82) | 0.001 |
| Current Medications, n (%) 2 | 34 (17) | 16 (24) | 30 (22) | 0.31 |
| Medication for nerves/depression, n (%) |
11 (5) | 7 (10) | 34 (23) | < 0.0001 |
| Sleep problems, n (%) | 57 (28) | 13 (18) | 61 (42) | 0.0006 |
| Low role physical functioning, n (%) 3 |
38 (18) | 20 (28) | 58 (40) | < 0.0001 |
| Low vitality/energy, n (%) 4 | 45 (22) | 17 (24) | 62 (43) | < 0.0001 |
| Low role emotional functioning, n (%) 5 |
39 (19) | 25 (35) | 81 (56) | < 0.0001 |
| Very upsetting life events, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||
| None | 117 (57) | 37 (52) | 48 (33) | |
| One | 45 (22) | 18 (25) | 31 (21) | |
| Two or more | 44 (21) | 16 (23) | 66 (46) | |
| Perceived stress (range 4-20), Median [IQR] 6 |
8 [6, 10] | 9 [6, 11] | 9 [7, 12] | <0.0001 |
| Private self-consciousness [range 0-30] 7 |
15.3 ± 4.5 | 16.2 ± 4.7 | 17.6 ± 4.7 | < 0.0001 |
| Trait anxiety [range 0-30], Median (IQR) 8 |
5 (1, 9) | 6 (2, 11) | 9 (5, 15) | < 0.0001 |
| LOT optimism scale [range 0-18] 9 | 14 (11,17) | 14 (11,17) | 12 (9, 15) | 0.0005 |
| Overall health, n (%) | 0.01 | |||
| Excellent | 64 (31) | 18 (25) | 19 (13) | |
| Very good | 85 (41) | 31 (44) | 71 (49) | |
| Good | 47 (23) | 19 (27) | 42 (29) | |
| Fair/Poor | 9 (4) | 3 (4) | 12 (8) | |
| Early perimenopausal status, n (%) |
96 (47) | 36 (51) | 68 (47) | 0.78 |
| Body mass index, Mean ± SD | 28.6 ± 5.9 | 28.3 ± 6.7 | 29.8 ± 7.2 | 0.16 |
| Depressive symptom severity10 , range 0-60, Median [IQR] |
6 (2, 12) | 7 (4, 14) | 15 (6, 22) | < 0.0001 |
| Lifetime depression, n (%) | 43 (21) | 21 (30) | 87 (60) | < 0.0001 |
| Depression in the past year, n (%) |
< 0.0001 | |||
| None | 207 (100) | 66 (93) | 115 (79) | |
| Subsyndromal | 0 | 4 (6) | 18 (12) | |
| Major | 0 | 1 (1) | 12 (8) | |
| Lifetime anxiety disorder, n (%) | 34 (16) | 19 (27) | 52 (36) | 0.0002 |
| Anxiety disorder in the past year, n (%) | 16 (8) | 7 (10) | 25 (17) | 0.02 |
1
Medical conditions included, anemia, diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis/osteoarthritis, over/under active thyroid, heart attack/angina, cancer (other than skin), fibroids, and osteoporosis.
2
Included currently taking medications to treat diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, heart attack/angina, cancer (other than skin), fibroids, and osteoporosis.
3
Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form 36, Role Physical Functioning Scale
4
Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form 36, Vitality Scale
5
Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form 36, Role Emotional Functioning Scale
6
Perceived Stress Scale
7
Self Consciousness Scale-Revised
8
State-Trait Personality Inventory
9
Life Orientation Test
10
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale-Depression