Table 6.
Associations between cancer variables and any use of vitamin C, vitamin E and/or calcium over the lifetime among participants of the databank and biorepository at a comprehensive cancer centre in western New York, USA, December 2003–July 2012
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR† | 95 % CI | OR† | 95 % CI | |
| Cancer status‡ | ||||
| Controls | 1·00 | Reference | 1·00 | Reference |
| Patients | 0·86 | 0·70, 1·05 | 0·88 | 0·78, 1·00 |
| Cancer type§ | ||||
| Benign | 1·00 | Reference | 1·00 | Reference |
| New | 0·83 | 0·63, 1·10 | 0·87 | 0·72, 1·05 |
| Recurrent | 1·37 | 0·93, 2·02 | 0·84 | 0·59, 1·21 |
| Cancer site§ | ||||
| Breast|| | 0·83 | 0·28, 2·42 | 1·04 | 0·89, 1·21 |
| Prostate|| | 1·17 | 0·97, 1·42 | N/A | |
| Respiratory|| | 1·02 | 0·77, 1·35 | 0·99 | 0·75, 1·32 |
| Gastrointestinal|| | 0·83 | 0·65, 1·07 | 0·83 | 0·64, 1·07 |
| Gynaecological|| | N/A | 0·99 | 0·82, 1·18 | |
| Genitourinary|| | 0·86 | 0·66, 1·11 | 0·99 | 0·82, 1·18 |
| Skin|| | 0·99 | 0·67, 1·46 | 1·36 | 0·91, 2·03 |
| Others¶ | 1·05 | 0·80, 1·38 | 1·04 | 0·80, 1·39 |
| Cancer stage†† | ||||
| In situ | 1·00 | Reference | 1·00 | Reference |
| Localized | 1·20 | 0·52, 2·80 | 0·81 | 0·59, 1·11 |
| Regional | 0·90 | 0·38, 2·12 | 0·73 | 0·52, 1·02 |
| Distant | 0·98 | 0·41, 2·32 | 0·75 | 0·52, 1·08 |
| Unknown | 1·15 | 0·48, 2·75 | 0·80 | 0·53, 1·22 |
N/A, not applicable.
†
Adjusted for age, race, education, family history of cancer, smoker status, BMI, total fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity.
‡
Overall n 8096 (men=2787; women=5309).
§
Cancer patients only (overall=5418: men=2145; women=3273).
||
Odds ratio compared with all other cancer sites or stages.
¶
Odds ratio compared with all previously reported cancer sites.
††
Cancer patients with malignancies (overall=4494: men=1890; women=2604).