Table 2.
Baseline Sociodemographic Characteristics and Smoking-Related Measures by Race for Menthol Smokers (N= 625)
| Participant Characteristics | African-American Menthol Cigarette Smokers (N=186) |
White Menthol Cigarette Smokers (N=439) |
Group Differences: Test Value (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, % (N) | 65.1% (121) | 70.2% (308) | χ2 (df=1)=1.6 (p=.2084) |
| Hispanic, % (N) | 2.7% (5) | 2.3% (10) | χ2 (df=1)=0.1 (p=.7593) |
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 45.8 (8.6) | 43.7 (11.2) | t(df=622)=−2.2 (p=.0281) |
| Education, % (Columns add to 100%) | |||
| • < High School (N) | 16.3% (30) | 3.9% (17) | χ2 (df=2)=29.7 |
| • High School (N) | 28.8% (53) | 28.4% (124) | (p<.0001) |
| • >High School (N) | 54.9% (101) | 67.7% (296) | |
| Marital Status, % (Columns add to 100%) | |||
| • Married/With Partner (N) | 35.0% (65) | 57.6% (253) | χ2 (df=2)=27.1 (p=<.0001) |
| • Divorced/Separated/Widowed (N) | 38.7% (72) | 24.2% (106) | |
| • Never Married (N) | 26.3% (49) | 18.2% (80) | |
| Employment, % (Columns add to 100%) | |||
| • Student/Homemaker/Retired/Disabled (N) | 25.8% (48) | 12.1% (53) | χ2 (df=2)=28.4 (p<.0001) |
| • Working for Wages/Self-Employed (N) | 61.8% (115) | 81.8% (359) | |
| • Out of Work (N) | 12.4% (23) | 6.1% 27) | |
| Cigarettes Smoked Per Day, Mean (SD) | 18.7 (7.6) | 21.7 (8.5) | t(df=623)=4.25 (p<.0001) |
| Years of Smoking, Mean (SD) | 26.3 (10.2) | 25.8 (10.9) | t(df=622)=−0.57 (p=.5713) |
| Pack-Years of Smoking, Mean (SD) | 25.3 (16.1) | 28.8 (19.2) | t(df=622)=2.19 (p=.0287) |
| Age at First Cigarette, Mean (SD) | 15.7 (4.9) | 14.1 (3.6) | t(df=623)= −4.47 (p<.0001) |
| Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (parts per million), Mean (SD) | 21.2 (9.3) | 26.7 (12.6) | t(df=610=5.44 (p<.0001) |
| FTND1 Score, Mean (SD) | 5.5 (2.0) | 5.5 (2.1) | t(df=623)=0.42 (p=.6742) |
| Number of Previous Quit Attempts, Mean (SD) | 4.0 (4.1) | 5.3 (10.3) | t(df=620.02)=2.31 (p=.0215)4 |
| Motivation to Quit Smoking,2 Mean (SD) | 9.4 (1.1) | 9.1 (1.0) | t(df=623)=−3.54 (p=.0004) |
| Likelihood of Success in Quitting Smoking,3 Mean (SD) | 5.3 (1.7) | 5.6 (1.3) | t(df=623)=1.73 (p=.0850) |
1
FTND=Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence [28];
2
Based on question, “How motivated are you to stop smoking at this time?” rated on 0–10 response scale with 0=”Not at all motivated” and 10=”Extremely motivated”;
3
Based on question, “If you try to quit smoking within the next 30 days, how likely is it that you will be successful?” rated on 0–7 response scale with 0=”Not at all likely” and 7=”Very likely”.
4
Based on Satterthwaite approximation for degrees of freedom due to unequal variances.