TMS increased alveolar buds when administered to older mice at high concentrations. From left to right the panels represent: 1 intact control, 2 TMS treatment of intact mice >5 months of age, 3 ovariectomized mice >5 months of age; top panels are before treatment and bottom panels are after treatment. a Whole mount of No. 4 mammary gland demonstrating increased alveolar buds and tertiary lateral branches with 50 mg/kg/day TMS treatment, but not in the intact control or ovariectomy group. b Metamorph analysis was used to determine the change in whole duct structure (primary and secondary ducts + TDSABs) in mice older than 6 months of age. c Metamorph analysis of TDSABs (tertiary ductal structures and alveolar buds). d Visual analysis of TDSABs. The graph indicates the mean ± SE for the percentage change (P = 0.04 between TMS group and control, P < 0.01 between TMS and ovariectomy, and P = 0.008 between control and ovariectomy)