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. 2015 May 26;6:110. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00110

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Copyright © 2015 Di Battista, Buonora, Rhind, Hutchison, Baker, Rizoli, Diaz-Arrastia and Mueller.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Plasma concentrations of neuroinjury biomarkers in combined moderate-to-severe TBI patients within the first 24 h of hospital admission, stratified according to 6-month neurological outcome using the extended Glasgow outcome scale (GOSE) score. Favorable outcome = GOSE 5–8, n = 35; Unfavorable outcome = GOSE 1–4, n = 50. s100 calcium binding protein (A), glial fibrillary acidic protein (B), neuron specific enolase (C), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (D), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (E), intercellular adhesion molecule-5 (F), peroxiredoxin-6 (G). Sample sizes may vary. *p ≤ 0.05 by Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U, where appropriate, versus patients with a favorable outcome.