Mechanistic pathways between the gut microbiota have been depicted with arrows. These include the following main pathways: 1) Changes in energy harvesting, 2) Changes in metabolic pathways, 3) The role of induced inflammatory responses, and 4) Possible changes in brain and behavior.
Abbreviations: GPR, G-protein receptor; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids; TLR, Toll-like receptors.