The genetic effect coefficients βℓj of multivariate linear model (1) and genetic effect functions βℓ(t) of functional linear models (3) and (7) against the genetic position t for the three biochemical traits in the trinity students study. In the plots (a1), (a2), and (a3), the genetic effect coefficients βℓj of model (1) are shown. In the plots (b1), (b2), and (b3), the genetic effect functions βℓ((t) of model (3) by B-spline basis functions are shown. In the plots (c1), (c2), and (c3), the genetic effect functions βℓ((t) of model (7) by B-spline basis functions are shown.