Table 2.
Associations Between Race and Ethnicity and Adverse Maternal Outcomes*
| Non-Hispanic white | Non-Hispanic black | Hispanic | Asian | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postpartum hemorrhagea | ||||
| N (%) | 805 (1.6) | 702 (3.0) | 827 (3.1) | 130 (2.2) |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.89 (1.70–2.09) | 1.94 (1.76–2.14) | 1.38 (1.15–1.67) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1.00 (ref) | 1.87 (1.65–2.12) | 2.07 (1.83–2.36) | 1.49 (1.21–1.84) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.71 (1.49–1.96) | 1.51 (1.31–1.74) | 1.54 (1.24–1.91) |
| Peripartum infectiona | ||||
| N (%) | 2119 (4.1) | 1169 (4.9) | 1744 (6.4) | 374 (6.2) |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.21 (1.13–1.31) | 1.61 (1.51–1.72) | 1.57 (1.40–1.75) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)d | 1.00 (ref) | 1.13 (1.03–1.23) | 1.69 (1.56–1.85) | 1.59 (1.41–1.79) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.25 (1.14–1.38) | 1.45 (1.32–1.59) | 1.62 (1.43–1.84) |
| Severe perineal laceration at SVDe | ||||
| N (%) | 780 (2.5) | 174 (1.2) | 256 (1.5) | 189 (5.5) |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.47 (0.40–0.56) | 0.57 (0.49–0.66) | 2.26 (1.92–2.67) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)f | 1.00 (ref) | 0.79 (0.65–0.95) | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) | 1.97 (1.66–2.34) |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 0.76 (0.62–0.93) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 2.06 (1.72–2.47) |
SVD = spontaneous vaginal delivery
Odds ratios significant at P<.001 are indicated in bold.
In all patients.
Adjusted for patient characteristics (age, diabetes mellitus, any hypertension, birthweight, prenatal care, obstetric history, multiple gestation, abruption, previa, accreta, anticoagulant use during pregnancy, insurance status)
Adjusted for patient characteristics and hospital (fixed)
Adjusted for patient characteristics (age, body mass index at delivery, diabetes mellitus, premature rupture of membranes or preterm prematrure rupture of membranes, cigarette use during pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, obstetric history, group B streptococcus status, insurance status)
In patients with a singleton delivery and no shoulder dystocia or placenta previa.
Adjusted for patient characteristics (age, body mass index at delivery, cigarette use during pregnancy, bithweight, prior vaginal delivery, insurance status)