Table 1.
Comparison of clinical data of study participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes according to the presence or absence of neuropathy defined by the Toronto criteria. Data are medians (5th percentile, 95th percentile), P values are derived from a Mann-Whitney U test.
| Variables | Diabetes without neuropathy | Diabetes with neuropathy | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic measures | |||
| n | 64 | 46 | |
| Age | 45 (21, 71) | 62 (44, 75) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 19 (3, 48) | 40 (8, 58) | <0.0001 |
| Gender (male/female) | 39/25 | 33/13 | |
| Type of diabetes (I/II) | 52/12 | 32/14 | |
| HbA1c % [mmol/mol] | 7.6 (6.9, 8.4) [60 (51, 68)] | 8.6 (8, 9.2) [69 (59, 77)] | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 (21, 38) | 29.0 (21, 38) | 0.09 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 123 (99, 154) | 140 (108, 169) | 0.004 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 67 (56, 78) | 67 (56, 83) | 0.9 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.2 (2.9, 6.9) | 3.8 (2.7, 6) | 0.17 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1 (0.5, 2) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.9) | 0.4 |
|
| |||
| Large fibre assessments | |||
| NDS | 0.5 (0, 5) | 5.5 (3, 10) | <0.0001 |
| VPT (V) | 6.3 (3, 19) | 21.8 (8, 41) | <0.0001 |
| SNAP (μV) | 13 (4.6, 28) | 4.9 (0.4, 19) | <0.0001 |
| SNCV (m/s) | 43.8 (40, 51.9) | 39.5 (27, 45.7) | <0.0001 |
| PMNAP (μV) | 4.6 (1, 7.6) | 1.8 (0.1, 5) | <0.0001 |
| PMNCV (m/s) | 44.1 (39.1, 49.1) |
39.3 (19, 45) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Small fibre assessments | |||
| IENFD (no./mm) | 6.8 (0.5, 13.5) | 3.5 (0.3, 15.3) | <0.0001 |
| CNFD (no./mm2) | 30.0 (15.6, 43.8) |
21.4 (6.3, 36.5) |
0.005 |
| CNBD (no./mm2) | 90.1 (21.9, 214) |
62.5 (3.1, 220.3) |
0.1 |
| CNFL (mm/mm2) | 25.0 (12.8, 33.5) |
19.6 (4.6, 34.0) |
0.03 |
| DB-HRV (beats per min) | 25 (6, 45) | 10 (4, 39) | 0.002 |
| WPT (°C) | 38.5 (34.7, 46.7) |
42.0 (36.3, 49.8) |
<0.0001 |
| Neuropad (%) | 61.5 (0, 99) | 18.0 (0, 99) | 0.01 |