Table 3.

Cross-sectional association between doubling of FGF-23 levels and cognitive function

Cognitive test	Sample size	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value	β (95% CI)	P value
Factor 1 (memory)	243	−0.06 (−0.12, −0.01)	0.02	−0.08 (−0.14, −0.01)	0.02	−0.08 (−0.16, −0.01)	0.05
Factor 2 (executive)	243	−0.04 (−0.10, 0.01)	0.15	−0.02 (−0.08, 0.04)	0.5	−0.03 (−0.10, 0.04)	0.4
MMSE	263	−0.07 (−0.26, 0.11)	0.61	−0.01 (−0.20, 0.19)	0.9	0.09 (−0.14, 0.32)	0.4
Immediate recall (total)	261	−0.37 (−0.77, 0.02)	0.06	−0.38 (−0.81, 0.04)	0.08	−0.38 (−0.88, 0.13)	0.14
Short delayed recall	260	−0.20 (−0.37, −0.03)	0.02	−0.21 (−0.39, −0.02)	0.03	−0.21 (−0.42, 0.01)	0.06
Delayed recall	259	−0.17 (−0.34, −0.01)	0.05	−0.17 (−0.35, 0.01)	0.07	−0.15 (−0.36, 0.06)	0.16
Recognition	259	−0.08 (−0.27, 0.12)	0.4	−0.09 (−0.30, 0.11)	0.4	−0.11 (−0.36, 0.13)	0.4
Trail A	244	2.03 (−0.79, 4.85)	0.16	0.53 (−2.50, 3.57)	0.7	0.01 (−3.58, 3.60)	>0.9
Trail B	240	7.29 (0.26, 14.31)	0.04	7.09 (−0.34, 14.51)	0.06	7.91 (0.75, 15.08)	0.03
Digit Symbol-Coding	235	−0.47 (−1.43, 0.50)	0.3	−0.31 (−1.31, 0.69)	0.5	−1.05 (−2.23, 0.12)	0.08
Block design	257	−0.61 (−1.29, 0.06)	0.07	−0.43 (−1.12, 0.25)	0.2	−0.57 (−1.40, 0.24)	0.17

Bold values indicate a P value ≤0.05.

For each factor, β represents the change per 1 standard deviation, for cognitive tests β represents the change in test score.

For all tests except Trails A and B, a negative value indicates worse performance; for Trails A and B, a positive value indicates worse performance.

Model 1 = adjusted for age, sex, and education status.

Model 2 = Model 1 + Adjustment for race, diabetes status, history of CVD, dialysis vintage, and average pre-HD diastolic blood pressure.

Model 3 = Model 2 + Adjustment for calcium, phosphorus, and 25 hydroxy vitamin D.

MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination.