Table 2.
Nested Models Describing Association between Predictors and Number of Days Smoked in the Past 30 Days in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=16,070)
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Fixed Effect Estimates | School Only | Neighborhood Only | Cross-Classified | School Only | Neighborhood Only | Cross-Classified |
|
|
||||||
| Intercept (SE) | 3.8 (0.23) | 3.94 (0.11) | 3.88 (0.22) | −6.94 (0.84) | −7.42 (0.73) | −6.91 (0.84) |
| Individual-level | ||||||
| Age | 0.80 (0.70, 0.90) | 0.85 (0.76, 0.93) | 0.80 (0.70, 0.90) | |||
| Female | 0.06 (−0.22, 0.34) | 0.02 (−0.26, 0.30) | 0.06 (−0.22, 0.34) | |||
| Public Assistance | 0.76 (0.27, 1.25) | 0.84 (0.34, 1.34) | 0.74 (0.26, 1.24) | |||
| High School degree | −0.21 (−0.66, 0.25) | −0.15 (−0.62, 0.29) | −0.21 (−0.67, 0.23) | |||
| Race | ||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Black | −4.28 (−4.73, −3.86) | −4.57 (−4.96, −4.16) | −4.29 (−4.71, −3.86) | |||
| Hispanic | −1.98 (−2.49, −1.48) | −2.86 (−3.32, −2.38) | −1.99 (−2.50, −1.48) | |||
| School-level | ||||||
| Public Assistance | ||||||
| High School Degree | ||||||
| Percent White | ||||||
| Neighborhood-level | ||||||
| Public Assistance | ||||||
| High School Degree | ||||||
| Percent White | ||||||
| Random Effect Estimates | ||||||
| U3 neighborhood (SE) | 4.58 (3.66, 5.65)* | 0.46 (0.13, 0.88)* | 1.59 (1.03, 2.26)* | 0.24 (0.06, 0.61)* | ||
| U2 school (SE) | 5.44 (4.04, 7.19)* | 5.36 (3.95, 7.07)* | 2.12 (1.48, 2.97)* | 2.08 (1.42, 2.92)* | ||
| U1 individual (SE) | 83.1 (81.3, 85.0)* | 84.0 (82.1, 85.9)* | 82.7 (80.9, 84.6)* | 80.7 (79.0, 82.5)* | 81.1 (79.3, 83.0)* | 80.5 (78.8, 82.3)* |
| Fit Statistics | ||||||
| DIC | – | – | 116736 | – | – | 116259 |
Model 1 presents the results for a null model (i.e., no covariates) for each model type: school-only multilevel model, neighborhood-only multilevel model, and the cross-classified multilevel model. Model 2 presents the same models as Model 1, except Model 2 includes individual-level predictors and covariates. For the fixed effect estimates, cell entries are parameter (beta) estimates and credible intervals. The intercept is presented as parameter estimate and standard error (SE). Random effects are presented as estimate and credible intervals. DIC refers to Deviance Information Criterion, a measure of model fit and complexity and is only reported for the cross-classified models.
Significant random effects are indicated by
(p<0.05).