TABLE 2.
Social and Environmental Characteristics at 18 to 22 Months
| Characteristic | Adolescent, <20 y | Adult, ≥20 y | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical insurance, n (%) | < .001a | ||
| Public | 159 (75) | 832 (48) | < .001 |
| Private | 25 (12) | 766 (44) | < .001 |
| Uninsured | 23 (11) | 80 (5) | < .001 |
| Special services received at 18 mo, n (%) | |||
| Visiting nurse | 113 (54) | 784 (46) | .02 |
| Social worker | 43 (20) | 248 (14) | .02 |
| Home nurse | 12 (6) | 121 (7) | .48 |
| Physical therapy | 118 (56) | 980 (57) | .80 |
| Occupational therapy | 74 (35) | 619 (36) | .81 |
| Early intervention | 145 (69) | 1147 (67) | .58 |
| State supervision, n (%) | 15 (7) | 60 (3) | .01 |
| No. places lived since discharge, mean ± SD | 1.9±0.9 | 1.5±0.7 | < .001 |
| No. places lived since discharge, n (%) | <.001a | ||
| 1 | 78 (37) | 1011 (59) | < .001 |
| 2 | 88 (42) | 543 (32) | .003 |
| 3+ | 43 (21) | 159 (9) | < .001 |
| Caretaker married, n (%) | 54 (26) | 938 (55) | < .001 |
| Primary caretaker not mother at 18-mo visit | 41 (19) | 119 (7) | < .001 |
| Primary caretaker, n (%) | <.001a | ||
| Mother | 170 (81) | 1599 (93) | < .001 |
| Father | 6 (3) | 31 (2) | .30 |
| Maternal grandparent(s) | 15 (7) | 18 (1) | < .001 |
| Paternal grandparent(s) | 2 (1) | 3 (0) | .04 |
| Other relative | 2 (1) | 6 (0) | .20 |
| Nonrelative | 14 (7) | 59 (3) | .02 |
| Congregate care | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | .004 |
| Still hospitalized | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | .21 |
| Living arrangements, n (%) | < .001a | ||
| Single biologic parent | 37 (18) | 292 (17) | .81 |
| 2-parent household (with biologic parent) | 59 (28) | 1069 (62) | < .001 |
| Biologic parent in extended family | 82 (39) | 280 (16) | < .001 |
| Household without biologic parent | 31 (15) | 74 (4) | < .001 |
| Total no. of people in house, mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | .28 |
| Day care/child care, n (%) | |||
| Traditional day care | 19 (9) | 195 (11) | .31 |
| Special day care | 4 (2) | 61 (4) | .21 |
| Home care | 18 (9) | 214 (12) | .10 |
| Babysitter/au pair | 27 (13) | 319 (19) | .04 |
| Primary Language, n (%) | .31a | ||
| English | 189 (90) | 1487 (87) | .22 |
| Spanish | 19 (9) | 178 (10) | .54 |
| Other | 3 (1) | 53 (3) | .18 |
| Bilingual home, n (%) | 61 (29) | 437 (25) | .28 |
a
Significance test of overall effect across all categories of variable.