TABLE 4.
Regression Analysis of Biologic and Social Risk Factors on Development and Behavior Outcomes at 18- to 22-Month Follow-up for Entire Study Cohort (Adult and Adolescent Mothers)
| Characteristic | Cognitive Composite <70 | Cognitive Composite <85 | Language Composite <70 | Language Composite <85 | Motor Composite <70 | NDI | BITSEA/P ≥ 75th percentile | BITSEA/C ≤15th percentile |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |
| Adolescent mother, <20 y old | 1.42 (0.88–2.29) | 0.83 (0.58–1.17) | 0.97 (0.64–1.47) | 1.15 (0.83–1.59) | 1.00 (0.62–1.59) | 1.01 (0.67–1.52) | 1.57 (1.14–2.18)* | 0.84 (0.58–1.20) |
| Biologic factors | ||||||||
| Multiple birth | 0.75 (0.50,1.13) | 0.98 (0.75–1.29) | 0.90 (0.66–1.24) | 1.12 (0.87–1.43) | 0.76 (0.52–1.10) | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | 1.03 (0.79–1.34) | 0.96 (0.72–1.27) |
| Cesarean delivery | 1.36 (0.95–1.94) | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 1.39 (1.05–1.84)* | 1.10 (0.89–1.36) | 1.20 (0.88–1.65) | 1.19 (0.91–1.56) | 1.15 (0.91–1.44) | 1.10 (0.87–1.41) |
| PPROM (ROM >18 h) | 0.79 (0.54–1.16) | 0.88 (0.69–1.13) | 0.94 (0.71–1.26) | 0.99 (0.80–1.24) | 0.88 (0.63–1.23) | 0.86 (0.65–1.15) | 1.12 (0.89–1.41) | 0.86 (0.67–1.11) |
| PIH/Preeclampsia | 0.89 (0.59–1.33) | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) | 0.92 (0.71–1.18) | 1.05 (0.73–1.49) | 0.93 (0.68–1.27) | 0.94 (0.72–1.22) | 1.06 (0.80–1.39) |
| Antenatal steroids | 0.94 (0.57–1.52) | 0.72 (0.51–1.00)* | 0.66 (0.46–0.96)* | 0.84 (0.61–1.17) | 0.75 (0.49–1.15) | 0.94 (0.63–1.39) | 0.64 (0.46–0.89)* | 1.21 (0.84–1.76) |
| Social Factors | ||||||||
| Household composition | ||||||||
| Single biologic parent | 0.86 (0.55–1.35) | 1.04 (0.77–1.40) | 0.82 (0.57–1.17) | 1.12 (0.84–1.47) | 1.10 (0.74–1.63) | 0.99 (0.70–1.40) | 1.15 (0.86–1.53) | 1.30 (0.96–1.76) |
| 2-parent household (with biologic parent) | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Biologic parent in extended family | 0.78 (0.50–1.23) | 1.01 (0.75–1.34) | 0.78 (0.55–1.11) | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | 0.91 (0.61–1.35) | 0.79 (0.55–1.12) | 1.22 (0.93–1.61) | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) |
| Household without biologic parent | 0.94 (0.47–1.91) | 1.31 (0.79–2.18) | 0.84 (0.46–1.55) | 1.04 (0.64–1.70) | 0.82 (0.42–1.63) | 1.00 (0.56–1.79) | 1.18 (0.71–1.98) | 1.60 (0.95–2.71) |
| Public insurance | 1.10 (0.77–1.56) | 1.34 (1.06–1.70)* | 1.15 (0.87–1.51) | 1.54 (1.24–1.91)* | 1.34 (0.97–1.84) | 1.16 (0.88–1.53) | 1.92 (1.53–2.42)* | 1.41 (1.11–1.80)* |
| Nonwhite race | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 1.10 (0.83–1.46) | 1.41 (1.13–1.76)* | 0.63 (0.46–0.86)* | 0.79 (0.60–1.04) | 1.21 (0.96–1.53) | 1.11 (0.86–1.43) |
| Cared for by babysitter | 0.72 (0.45–1.13) | 0.88 (0.66–1.18) | 0.65 (0.45–0.92)* | 0.86 (0.66–1.10) | 0.71 (0.48–1.07) | 0.81 (0.58–1.13) | 0.88 (0.67–1.16) | 0.64 (0.47–0.86)* |
| No. of places lived since discharge | ||||||||
| 1 | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| 2 | 0.89 (0.62–1.26) | 0.87 (0.69–1.10) | 0.64 (0.48–0.85)* | 0.81 (0.65–1.00)* | 0.83 (0.60–1.14) | 0.82 (0.62–1.08) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 1.09 (0.86–1.37) |
| ≥3 | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 0.90 (0.63–1.28) | 0.77 (0.51–1.17) | 0.93 (0.67–1.30) | 0.99 (0.63–1.56) | 0.86 (0.57–1.30) | 1.64 (1.18–2.29)* | 0.99 (0.70–1.43) |
| State supervision | 2.16 (1.06–4.42)* | 1.84 (1.05–3.22)* | 1.91 (1.02–3.59)* | 1.08 (0.61–1.91) | 2.44 (1.27–4.69)* | 2.02 (1.10–3.71)* | 0.55 (0.30–1.02) | 1.03 (0.56–1.89) |
*
significant; PIH, pregnancy induced hypertension; PPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes; REF, reference parameter.