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. 2015 May 27;5:10546. doi: 10.1038/srep10546

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Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Time-dependent association kinetics of the antibody-(TNF-α) pair: (a) real-time sensor responses of antibody-(TNF-α) binding measured under different TNF-α concentrations (n = 60 fM, 600 fM, 3 pM, and 6 pM). Each of the response curves was measured from a different MoS₂ transistor sensor and all responses were normalized using Equation (5). The rise parts of the binding response curves can be fitted with Equation (6). (b) The equilibrium-state responses (S_eq) extracted from this fit plotted as a function of TNF-α concentration, which can be further fitted with Langmuir isotherm. The equilibrium constant (K_D) is extracted to be 326 ± 37 fM. (c) The extracted (k_onn + k_off) data plotted as a function of TNF-α concentration (n). The linear fitting of this (k_onn + k_off)-versus-n graph results in rate constants of k_on = (5.03 ± 0.16) × 10⁸ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ and k_off = (3.44 ± 0.15) × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹.