. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychobiol. 2014 Feb 13;56(6):1278–1289. doi: 10.1002/dev.21207

Table 2.

Standardized Parameter Estimates from Quantitative Genetic Models of Testosterone

	Additive Genes (h²)	Shared Environment (c²)	Non-Shared Environment (e²)

Model 1: Qualitative Sex Differences in A
Male	.34 (.45)	.22 (.41)	.44 (.12)^*
Female	.14 (.36)	.51 (.30)	.35 (.13)^*
Model 2: Quantitative Sex Differences (Full)
Male	.55 (.16)^*	.02 (.11)	.43 (.11)^*
Female	.12 (.40)	.53 (.32)	.36 (.14)^*
Model 3: No Sex Differences
Male & Female	.45 (.27)	.14 (.23)	.41 (.09)^*

Note. Standard errors are shown in parentheses. All models controlled for the linear and quadratic effects of age. Model is illustrated in Figure 1.

Significantly different than zero at p < .05.