Table 1.
Demographic data
| Sz (n=71) | BD (n=44) | HC (n=35) | F/t/χ2, P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.6±14.7 | 34.8±14.1 | 33.9±14.5 | F=0.16, P=0.85 |
| Education (years) | 10.8±1.5 | 11.5±2.3 | 12.4±1.7 | F=1.10, P=0.10 |
| Sex (male/female) | 29/42 | 19/25 | 11/24 | χ2=1.1, P=0.49 |
| Handedness (R/L) | 68/3 | 42/2 | 33/2 | χ2=1.0, P=0.41 |
| Duration of medication (years) | 7.1±5.4 | 7.4±5.8 | N/A | t=0.13, P=0.18 |
| Type of medication | ||||
| Typical APC | 7 | 1 | N/A | |
| Atypical APC | 71 | 43 | N/A | |
| Lithium | 2 | 9 | N/A | |
| Anticonvulsant | 6 | 30 | N/A | |
| Cumulative dosage (g) | ||||
| APCs | 1,011.4±137.5 | 204.1±16.9 | N/A | |
| Lithium | 220.5±37.4 | 489.2±37.6 | N/A | |
| Anticonvulsant | 323.3±32.5 | 751.5±73.8 | N/A | |
| YMRS | 14.1±7.9 | 23.9±12.2 | N/A | t=4.74, P<0.01* |
| PANSS total | 80.3±12.2 | 70.3±9.1 | N/A | t=4.99, P<0.01* |
| Positive symptoms | 25.5±5.3 | 22.3±5.4 | N/A | t=3.11, P<0.01* |
| Delusion | 5.1±1.1 | 3.0±1.8 | N/A | t=7.82, P<0.01* |
| Persistent delusion | 17 (23.9%) | 5 (9.1%) | N/A | χ2=4.0, P=0.04* |
| Hallucination | 3.9±2.0 | 2.3±1.8 | N/A | t=4.41, P<0.01* |
| Persistent hallucination | 11 (15.5%) | 1 (2.2%) | N/A | χ2=5.1, P=0.02* |
| Negative symptoms | 15.2±5.1 | 10.8±2.6 | N/A | t=5.26, P<0.01* |
| Number of patients | ||||
| Only delusion | 17 | 10 | N/A | |
| Only hallucination | 1 | 1 | N/A | |
| Both | 52 | 18 | N/A | |
Note:
*
Statistically significant.
Abbreviations: Sz, schizophrenia; BD, bipolar disorder; HC, healthy control; APC, antipsychotics; YMRS, Young Mania Rating Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; R/L, right/left.