Fig. 5.

Differential modulations of JNK and ERK phosphorylation by super-low and low dose LPS contribute to dynamic regulation of NET formation. Bone marrow (BM) cells from C57 BL/6 mice were cultured with G-CSF (100 ng/mL) in the presence of either super-low dose (100 pg/mL) or low dose (1 μg/mL) LPS. The phosphorylation levels of JNK (T183/Y185) or ERK1/2 (T204/Y202) within CD11b⁺/Ly6G⁺ neutrophils were analyzed by flow cytometry after 3 d or 3 h respectively. Quantitative data were shown as means ± SEM from three independently treated samples. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences compared between indicated groups (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001).