Table 3. Plasma Concentrations of compounds of protein glycation and oxidation.

Analyte	Women with normal fasting glucose	Women with impaired fasting glucose	p*	p**
Precursor molecule
FruLys [mM]	3.5 (3.2; 3.8)	3.7 (3.2; 4.0)	0.3866	0.2982
Free metabolites
3-DF [μM]	2.7 (2.4; 3.7)	2.4 (1.9; 2.9)	0.1836	0.3058
3-DPs [nM]	18.8 (16.0; 21.1)	17.6 (13.5; 20.3)	0.0846	0.1283
3-DP [nM]	705.1 (389.9; 832.3)	720.3 (424.3; 912.9)	0.4756	0.5446
Hydroimidazolones
MGH1 [nmol/mmol Arg]	178.0 (104.2; 222.6)	200.8 (162.1; 259.3)	0.0763	0.0765
3-DGH [nmol/mmol Arg]	74.8 (28.5; 108.9)	62.5 (28.5; 104.8)	0.9544	0.9012
Oxidated adducts
CML [nM]	676.6 (554.1; 804.5)	688.0 (599.1; 809.7)	0.4400	0.4505
CEL [nM]	152.8 (137.1; 173.4)	169.0 (135.9; 131.3)	0.1409	0.1669
MetSO [mM]	2.1 (1.7; 3.2)	2.5 (1.7; 2.9)	0.8267	0.9188

Data are given as median with 25th and 75th percentiles;

* unadjusted p value;

** p value adjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, passive smoking and education.

3-DF, 3-deoxyfructose; 3-DPs, 3-deoxypentosone; 3-DP, 3-deoxypentulose; MGH1, methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1; 3-DGH, 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone; CML, carboxymethyl lysine; CEL, carboxyethyl lysine; MetSO, methionine sulfoxide; FruLys, Nε-fructosyllysine.