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. 2015 Apr 15;6(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0050-0

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© Kol et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Multiple allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections do not induce a systemic cytokine response. Serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (A) interleukin-6 (IL-6), (B) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and (C) tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) did not change significantly as a result of multiple MSC injections. Neither (D) IL-17 nor (E) transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was modulated by MSC administration. These data demonstrate that multiple high-dose injections of allogeneic MSCs do not result in a systemic inflammatory response. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Grey boxes demonstrate the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the day 0 and control samples. AT, adipose tissue; BM, bone marrow; D, day.