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. 2015 May 27;10(5):e0126871. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126871

Fig 2. Effects of the WALK11.3 peptide on inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.

Fig 2

The cells were pre-treated with WALK11.3 at different concentrations (0, 1 and 2 μM) for 1 h, before treatment with LPS (100 ng/mL) to induce inflammatory responses. (A) NO production was assayed after 24 h of incubation with LPS. iNOS and COX-2 protein levels (B) and pro-IL-1β expression (C) were analyzed by immunoblot analysis for 15 h during and 4 h after the LPS treatment. IL-6 (D and E) and TNF-α (F and G) production was measured with an ELISA, to monitor the dose-dependent (D and F; after 16 h and 4 h, respectively, of incubation with LPS) and time-dependent (E and G; with 2 μM peptide) effects of the pre-treated peptide. All bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05 or ***p < 0.001 compared with the LPS- or WALK11.3-treated group (ns, non-significant). [Student’s t-test (A, C, D and E) or a one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (B)].