Table 3.
Unadjusted means | Regression-adjusteda,b,c | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | Intervention | Difference | p | Effect | p | |
(N = 29) | (N = 31) | |||||
Outcomes on Likert/rating scales | ||||||
Readiness: seek information (0–10) | 3.52 | 5.35 | 1.84 | .050 | 1.60 | .100 |
Readiness: talk to family (0–10) | 2.38 | 5.35 | 2.98 | .002 | 2.74 | .007 |
Readiness: talk to friend (0–10) | 2.55 | 5.35 | 2.80 | .002 | 2.48 | .010 |
Readiness: see MH professional (0–10) | 2.45 | 5.71 | 3.26 | .000 | 3.16 | .001 |
Readiness: self-help or support group (0–10) | 1.10 | 1.87 | 0.77 | .240 | 0.50 | .460 |
Readiness: academic support services (0–10) | 2.07 | 1.68 | −0.39 | .550 | −0.44 | .520 |
Readiness: AVERAGE (0–10) | 2.34 | 4.22 | 1.88 | .002 | 1.67 | .008 |
Perceived public stigma score (0–4) | 3.21 | 2.71 | −0.50 | .080 | −0.59 | .040 |
Personal stigma score (0–4) | 2.00 | 0.90 | 1.10 | .003 | −1.07 | .004 |
PHQ-9 score (0–27) | 11.0 | 11.39 | 0.39 | .755 | 0.29 | .811 |
AUDIT score (0–40) | 6.00 | 6.84 | 0.84 | .600 | 0.51 | .527 |
Binary outcomes | ||||||
Perceived a need for help (2 mos.) | 62% | 72% | 0.10 | .660 | OR = 1.51 | .480 |
Met w/ MH professional (2 mos.) | 0% | 28% | 0.28 | .002 | ** | |
Therapy/counseling (current) | 0% | 13% | 0.13 | .050 | ** | |
Psychiatric medication (current) | 0% | 9% | 0.09 | .090 | ** |
Note. OR = Odds Ratio
Linear regressions were estimated for Likert/rating scale outcomes, logistic regressions for binary outcomes
Covariates include: age, gender, and baseline suicide risk factors (PHQ-9 score, AUDIT score, suicidal ideation or previous attempt).
In a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple hypothesis testing, we have nine outcomes (with average readiness a composite outcome); therefore, the unadjusted p-values shown above would only be significant at the standard 0.05 level if they are less than 0.0056. With this adjustment, effects remain significant for average readiness, met with a mental health professional, and personal stigma.
Cannot be estimated because no variation in outcome in control group.