TABLE 1.
Patient and healthy control characteristics and baseline dataa
| Characteristic | Nonsevere dengue (n = 80 [84%]) | Severe dengue (n = 15 [16%]) | Leptospirosis (n = 19) | Enteric fever (n = 6) | Healthy control (n = 22) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 24 (19–34) | 23 (16–30) | 47 (39–55)*** | 25 (17–27) | 25 (23–31) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 46 (58)+* | 6 (40) | 14 (74)** | 3 (50) | 7 (32) |
| Duration of illness at enrollment, days | 6 (6–7) | 6 (5–7) | 7 (5–9) | 12 (9–17) | NA |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||
| Systolic | 110 (100–120)++ | 100 (90–110) | 100 (90–110) | 100 (100–110) | ND |
| Diastolic | 70 (60–80) | 70 (60–80) | 70 (60–70) | 62 (60–70) | ND |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 40 (30–40)++ | 30 (20–40) | 40 (30–50) | 40 (34–43) | ND |
| Pulse rate, per min | 80 (72–92) | 84 (80–108) | 88 (80–92) | 90 (79–96) | ND |
| Respiratory rate, per min | 22 (20–24) | 20 (20–24) | 24 (20–26) | 24 (22–25) | ND |
| Temp, °C | 36.4 (35.8–37.3) | 36.3 (35.8–37.6) | 36.6 (36.3–37.2) | 37.7 (36.7–38.0) | ND |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 14.3 (13.0–15.8) | 13.9 (11.1–15.5) | 11.5 (10.0–11.9)*** | 11.6 (7.0–13.3) | 13.9 (12.7–15.4) |
| Hematocrit, % | 42 (39–45) | 43 (33–46) | 32 (28–35)*** | 33 (22–39)* | 42 (39–46) |
| Cell count, ×109/liter | |||||
| Platelets | 46 (30–70)+++*** | 20 (14–26)*** | 151 (62–293)** | 107 (62–159)*** | 294 (240–318) |
| Leukocytes | 3.8 (2.9–5.0)*** | 4.1 (3.3–4.8)*** | 13.6 (7.9–14.9)** | 4.0 (3.4–4.3)** | 7.0 (6.8–8.1) |
| Albumin, g/dl | 3.7 (3.5–4.0) | 3.3 (3.1–3.7) | ND | ND | ND |
| ALAT, U/dl | 44 (25–79) | 44 (35–58) | 29 (17–58) | 46 (28–223) | ND |
| Ferritin, ng/ml | 3,260 (918–8,305)*** | 3,760 (980–8,150)*** | 509 (209–1,069)*** | 3,165 (533–9,113)** | 42 (28–90) |
a
Data are represented as median (interquartile range) for continuous data or number with percentage for noncontinuous data. Mann-Whitney U tests or chi-square tests were performed for comparison of each group with healthy controls (*) or for comparison between nonsevere and severe dengue (+). A P value of <0.05 was considered significant and is indicated as *** or +++ (P < 0.001), ** or ++ (P < 0.01), or * or + (P < 0.05). Abbreviations: ALAT, alanine aminotransferase; NA, not applicable; ND, not determined.