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(A) A promoter complex with a manually traced outline (dashed line). (B) The same complex as in C with the sequence of pixels used for DNA contour length measurements highlighted in black. (C) Gallery of promoter complexes formed in the absence of modulators. (D) Gallery of promoter complexes formed with 200 μM ppGpp and 650 nM DksA. The broadening effect of the AFM tip does not allow to detect the presence of the modulators bound to the RNAP. Scale bars 100 nm.
