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. 2015 May 28;9:206. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00206

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Copyright © 2015 Chen, Huang, Fen, Yin, Wang and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EM-2 reduced the mEPSC amplitude and frequency via the activation of MORs. (A) The effects of EM-2 on the amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs. Histogram showing that the mEPSC amplitude and frequency were significantly reduced by EM-2 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively; n = 8). (B) Bar graph showing the analysis of three recordings during which different treatments were performed in three PPNs. EM-2 clearly decreased the amplitudes and frequency of sEPSCs in these 3 PPNs (P < 0.01). After the washout of EM-2, the amplitudes and frequency returned to control levels. CTOP had no effect on either the amplitudes or frequency of mEPSCs (P > 0.05). However, with perfusion of both CTOP and EM-2, EM-2 was unable to decrease the amplitudes or frequency of the sEPSCs (P > 0.05). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. control.