Table 2.

AAOP diagnostic classification of TMDs

Diagnostic Category	Diagnoses
Cranial bones (including the mandible)	Congenital and developmental disorders: aplasia, hypoplasia, hyperplasia, dysplasia (eg, first and second branchial arch anomalies, hemifacial microsomia, Pierre Robin syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, condylar hyperplasia, prognathism, fibrous dysplasia) Acquired disorders (neoplasia, fracture)
TMJ disorders	Deviation in form Disc displacement (with reduction; without reduction) Dislocation Inflammatory conditions (synovitis, capsulitis) Arthritides (osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis, polyarthritides) Ankylosis (fibrous, bony) Neoplasia
Masticatory muscle disorders	Myofascial pain Myositis spasm Protective splinting Contracture

Adapted from Leeuw Rd, Klasser GD, American Academy of Orofacial P. Orofacial pain : guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and management. 5th edition. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing; 2013.